$ Sudo su – super kompyuterga kirish # Whoami – kimligini chiqaradi (user,root) # pwd – qayerda turganini ko’rsadi

10. top – Task management;


11. dpkg -l | more - Deb sistemasidagi o’rnatilgan dasturlarni ko’rsatish;


12. top – Task management;


13. pstree – Ishlayotgan xizmatlar ro’yhati;


14. man – Manual (Misol: man cat)


15. pwd – Terminalda joylashgan katalog manzilini aniqlash;


16. ls - Joriy papkadagi fayl va kataloglar ro’yxatini chiqarish;


17. ls –la


18. cd / - Root katalogga qayttish


19. cd /.. – Bitta orqaga qaytish


20. echo – Ekranga ma’lumot chiqarish
21. ps – Task management


22. df – HDD larni kurish


23. df –h – HDD larni kurish


24. cat /proc/devices


25. cat /proc/cpuinfo


26. update


27. w


28. whoami


29. sudo su


30. passwd - Joriy foydalanuvchini parolini o’zgartirish;


31. shutdown -h now va poweroff – Linuxni o’chirish;


32. Init 0 - o’chrish


33. Init 6 – qayta yuklash


34. cp – Nuxsa olish;


35. mv – Move, katalog nomini o’zgartirish;


36. mkdir – Katalog yaratish;
37. rmdir – Katalogni o’chirish;


38. nano – Fayl redaktori;


39.Touch –fayl yaratish


40. cat


41. Head - bosh 10 qator


42. Tail - oxirgi 10 qator


43. More - Hammasini kurish


44. cal - Kalendar


45. rm


46. rm -r


47. reboot


Useradd –m user1 =ser yaratish
Userdel –r usernomi =serni o’chirish
Ls –l /home
Cat /etc/passwd =ser bor yaratilganligni tekshirish
Cat /etc/shadow =serga parol bor yo’qligini tekshirish
Passwd user1 =serga parol qo’yish
Cd /etc/skel/ =ser yaratilganda userni ichiga avtomat ravishda papkalar yaratish uchun oldindan apka yaratish yuli
Mkdir desktop =apka yaratish
Mkdir video =papka yaratish
Touch file.txt =fayl yaratish
Ls –l
Useradd –m user2 =user yaratish
Ls –l /home/
Groupadd guruhnomi =guruh yaratish
Cat /etc/group =guruhni tekshirish
Groupdel guruhnomi =guruhni o’chirish
Id usernomi userni =id si va guruhini tekshirish
Usermod –aG guruhnomi usernomi =userni guruhga qo’shish
Id usernomi =Id si va guruhini tekshirish
Deluser usernomi guruhnomi =userni guruhdan chiqarish
Id usernomi =d si va guruhini tekshirish
nano /etc/hostname =Kampyuter nomni o`zgartrish
nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config =ssh ni portni o`zgartrish
/etc/init.d/ssh restart = Service ssh restart
Link yaratish va Arxivlash linux os da
ln –s /papka ili filenomi /qayergaligi/\
Misol: 1. touch index.php 2.ln –s ndex.php /var/www/html
3. ls –al /var/www/html
Arxivlash
tar cvf nomi(arxivnomi).tar (arxivga olish kk bulgan papka ili file nomi)


tar cf nomi(arxivnomi).tar (arxivgaolishkk bulgan papka ili file nomi)
ARXIVDAN chiqarish
tar xvf nomi(arxivnomi).tar arxivdan chiqarish
Arxivlash
gzip nomi(arxivnomi).tar arxivga olish .gz


gunzip nomi(arxivnomi).tar.gz arxivdan chiqarish


du –sh azmerni bilish papka ili fayl

chmod 777 -R sambapapka =barcha papkalarga ruxsat berish


Papka fayllarga huquq berish


r- read-4 o’qishga huquq


w- write-2 yozishga huquq


x- execute-1 bajarishga huquq
(4+2+1=7) J
Misol: chmod 777 (fayli yoki papkanomi)
chmod 777 * (turgan joydagi barcha fayllar yoki papkaga ga barcha huquqni beradi)
owner – group – others


chmod 666 papka1/ faqat papka uv=chun ruxsat


chmod 666 -R papka1/ -R papka ichdagi hamma narsaga tasir etadi


rwx- rwx- rwx >>777ga teng yani hama huquq bor(ochilgan)


rwx- r-x r-x >>755ga teng

Linux operatsion tizimida Scriptlar yaratish


Misol:Script yaratishga
1. nano script.sh


2. chmod 777 script.sh


3. #! /bin/bash
reboot


4. Date


5. nano /etc/crontab


6. 01 7 * * * root /script.sh


Script yaratish
1. nano script.sh (script yaratish)
#! /bin/bash
Echo “Salom Administrator”


2. chmod +x script.sh (scriptga huquq berish)


3. ./script.sh yoki sh script.sh (scriptni ishga tushirish)


#! /bin/bash
Mkdir /media/newfolder
Ls /media


#! /bin/bash
Rm -r /media/newfolder
Ls /media


nano ip.sh (IP addressni aniqlash uchun script)
#! /bin/bash
echo “Sizning IP address:”
ifconfig
chmod +x ip.sh (scriptga huquq berish)
./ip.sh (scriptni ishga tushirish)


Link yaratish va Arxivlash linux os da


Link yaratish


ln –s /papka ili filenomi /qayergaligi/


Misol: 1. touch index.php 2.ln –s /index.php /var/www/htm
3. ls –al /var/www/html


Arxivlash
tar cvf nomi(arxivnomi).tar (arxivga olish kk bulgan papka ili file nomi)


tar cf nomi(arxivnomi).tar (arxivgaolishkk bulgan papka ili file nomi)
ARXIVDAN chiqarish
tar xvf nomi(arxivnomi).tar arxivdan chiqarish
Arxivlash
gzip nomi(arxivnomi).tar arxivga olish .gz


gunzip nomi(arxivnomi).tar.gz arxivdan chiqarish


du –sh razmerni bilish papka ili fayl


bzip2 nomi(arxivnomi).tar .tar.bz2


bunzip2 nomi(arxivnomi).tar.bz2 arxivdan chiqarish


xz nomi(arxivnomi).tar .tar.xz


unxz nomi(arxivnomi).tar.xz arxivdan chiqarish


Group yaratish
Tar cf mytar.tar papka
Tar xf mytar .tar
Gzip /bzip2 /xz
Gunzip /bunzip2 /unxz
Tar cvzf aa.bz2


Tar tf aa.bz2 kurish
Zip –r myzip.zip papka
Unzip myzip.zip chiqarish


APT-paketlarni boshqarish vostasi (Debian, Ubuntu, boshqalar)


apt remove ms =urnatgan programlarni o`chrish
apt instal ms =paketni o`rnatish yangilash
apt-get update =yangilangan paketlar royxatni olish
apt-get clean =yuklab olingan paket fayillar ro`yxatni o`chrish
apt-get check =qaramanglikning yaxlitlikni ro`yxatni o`chrish
apt-cache search =mos keladgan paketlar ro`yxatni chiqaradi


Linux OS ga dasturlar va serverlar urnatish
apt-get update soft listni ovnovit qilish
apt-get upgrade urnatilgan paketlarni obnovlaniya qilish
apt-get help apt-get bilan qilanadigan ishlar komandalar haqida
cat /etc/*release* sistemani versiyaini bilish
cat /etc/issue sistemani versiyaini bilish
cat /proc/version sistemani versiyaini bilish
ls -dl /var/log/installer sistemani qachon urnatilgan sanasini bilish
Webmin dasturini urtanish
nano etc/apt/sources.list
dpkg -l unatilgan softlarni ruyhati
apt-get install dastur nomi ustonovka qilish
apt remove dastur nomi uchirish
apt purge dastur nomi uchirish(nastroykasi bn)
sudo apt-get install samba samba serverni o`rnatish
sudo service smbd restart samba servir restart
sudo service smbd start samba servir start
sudo service smbd stop samba servir stop
sudo service samba restart
apt-cache search dastur nomi
apt-cache show dastur nomi soft haqida malumot
apt-cache showpkg dastur nomi soft haqida kuproq malumot
Midnight Commander ni urnatish
apt-get install mc
Ishga tushirish Midnight Commander
sudo mc
soft listga qushib quyish kerak webmin ni address ni
deb http://download.webmin.com/download/repository sarge contrib
wget http://www.webmin.com/jcameron-key.asc


sudo apt-key add jcameron-key.asc
sudo apt-get update


webmin ni urnatish


sudo apt-get install webmin
webminga kirish browser orqali
https://localhost:10000
timedatectl setime (20:50) (2022-02-25) t-ubuntu serverda sana va vaqtni to`g`rlash