Verb → Noun word form
Download 26,62 Kb.
|
noun forminf
|
In Context Our plane departed from San Francisco on time. We arrived in San Diego at 11:00 a.m. The plane landed without difficulty. A bus transported us promptly and comfortably to our hotel. The departure of our plane from San Francisco was on time. Our arrival in San Diego was at 11:00 a.m. The landing of the plane was not difficult. The transportation by bus to our hotel was prompt and comfortable. Verb → Noun word form
SUBJECT PREDICATE + COMPLEMENT NOUN PHRASE VERB + PP / ADJ Our plane departed from San Francisco on time. We arrived in San Diego at 11:00 a.m. The plane landed without difficulty. A bus transported us to our hotel promptly and comfortably. NOUN WORD FORM Adding a suffix to a verb (base) is one way of forming a noun. A suffix is a part added to the end of a word. Examples of suffixes are listed below. Modifiers to the noun are enclosed in brackets [ ]. SUBJECT PREDICATE + COMPLEMENT NOUN PHRASE "BE" VERB + PP / ADJ The departure [of our plane from San Francisco] was on time. Our arrival [in San Diego] was at 11:00 a.m. The landing [of the plane] was not difficult. The transportation [by bus to the hotel] was prompt and comfortable. an affix — is a small unit of meaning that is added to another word to change its meaning; affixes include: prefix (before) pre-pare; infix (between) [rare in English]; and suffix (after) prepara-tion. derive (V) — come from a source or origin; derivation (N) the formation of a word from another word or base prompt (Adj) — on time or timely, not delayed morpheme (N) — a small unit of meaning which is dependent upon the word to which it is added a suffix, a morpheme (small dependent unit of meaning) placed at the end of a word, can change a word as follows: [1] word category—noun "nominalization", adjective "adjectivalization", verb "verbalization", adverb of manner -ly; [2] person (3rd per. sing.); [3] number (singular/plural); [4] tense (present/past). (Swan 384 noun + complement ; 445.2 noun suffixes) Also see Plural Noun Forms | Adjective Suffixes | Word Forms | Adverb Suffixes | Negative Noun Prefixes | Noun Properties.
arrive –arrival approve – approval deny –denial propose –proposal refuse – refusal dismiss – dismissal -ANCE / -ENCE action, state, condition or quality attend –attendance accept –acceptance prefer – preference insure – insurance refer – reference exist –existence -ATION / -TION action or resulting state educate – education inform – information eliminate – elimination declare – declaration combine – combination immigrate – immigration -SION action or resulting state confuse – confusion decide – decision divide –division revise – revision impress – impression profess–profession -URE action or resulting state depart – departure erase – erasure fail – failure enclose – enclosure press – pressure legislate – legislature -MENT state, act, condition agree– agreement pay – payment employ – employment argue – argument punish – punishment govern – government -AGE action, state, process break – breakage post – postage pack – package pass – passage bag– baggage marry – marriage -ING action, state, process bless – blessing land – landing write – writing feed – feeding end –ending seat – seating -ERY a business or trade, a behavior, a condition cream – creamery slave (N) – slavery bake –bakery brave (Adj) – bravery brew – brewery machine (N) – machinery Nominalization – the forming of words from other categories , verbs and nouns, by suffixation. (Huddleston 1706) stress – the part of the word that receives emphasis is bolded. You can also Control-click the word to access your computer's dictionary. Pop-Q "The fix" Noun Forms
Adjective → Noun word form VERB WORD FORM Nouns may be formed from adjectives. The forms are often Latin or Greek in origin. There is no simple rule for adding suffixes, but there are patterns. SUBJECT PREDICATE COMPLEMENT The passengers were happy. The aircraft was safe. The flight attendants were polite. Their information is private. NOUN WORD FORM
SUBJECT PREDICATE COMPLEMENT Their happiness was obvious. easy to see Safety was important. Politeness is not always easy. Privacy is expected. Adjective to Noun Suffixes SUFFIX ADJECTIVE – NOUN ADJECTIVE – NOUN ADJECTIVE – NOUN -NESS state, quality, condition happy – happiness useful – usefulness kind – kindness truthful – truthfulness quiet – quietness sleepy – sleepiness -ITY state or condition active – activity stupid – stupidity curious – curiosity mobile – mobility real – reality tranquil – tranquility -ISM state, practice ideal – idealism colonial – colonialism human – humanism imperial – imperialism conservative – conservatism favorite – favoritism -TH condition wide – width dead – death long – length foul – filth born (V) – birth grow (V) – growth -Y condition private – privacy difficult – difficulty honest – honesty jealous – jealousy modest – modesty -ERY location, collective, behavior condition brave – bravery
safe – safety cruel – cruelty certain – certainty subtle – subtlety loyal – loyalty admiral (N) – admiralty Also see Adjective Forms for: -able, -ant, -ary, -ed, -en -ent, -ful, -ic, -ical, -less, -ing, -ive, -ish, -like, -y. Also see Negative Prefixes for : a-, dis-, il-, in-, im-, ir-, non-, un-. Personal Noun Forms Personal nouns derived from other nouns Employee helping clients Verb → Personal Noun VERB WORD FORM Personal nouns may be formed from other word forms—specific verbs, adjectives and nouns. SUBJECT PREDICATE + COMPLEMENT The company employs workers. (V) The man took refuge in the US. (N) Nature Beauty
is real. (Adj) is ideal. NOUN WORD FORM
SUBJECT PREDICATE + COMPLEMENT Employees (V→N) work for the company. The refugee (N→N) asked for protection. The realist (Adj→N) The idealist (Adj→N) sees things as they are. sees things as they should be. refuge (N) — shelter, protection from danger Verb to Personal Noun List SUFFIX VERB – PERSONAL NOUN VERB – PERSONAL NOUN VERB– PERSONAL NOUN -ANT / ENT person / instrument / agent attend– attendant assist – assistant inform – informant correspond – correspondent preside – president reside – resident -EE person / instrument / recipient of action appoint – appointee attend – attendee pay – payee trust – trustee divorce¹ – divorcée (V/N) license – licensee (V/N) -IST person who practices tour – tourist machine (V) – machinist type – typist -AR person who does beg – beggar burgle – burglar lie – liar registrate – registrar -ER person who does advertise – advertiser believe – believer build – builder buy – buyer call – caller interpret – interpreter keep – keeper listen – listener pitch – pitcher -OR person who does act – actor collect – collector dictate – dictator direct – director instruct – instructor legislate – legislator navigate – navigator sail – sailor spectate – spectator ¹divorce — end a marriage: (N) The divorce was final. (V) They will divorce.
active – activist colonial – colonialist extreme – extremist human – humanist ideal – idealist imperial – imperialist left – leftist natural – naturalist nude – nudist -STER person connected to young¹ – youngster old¹ – oldster hip — hipster ¹ young / old — could be an adj or a noun: (Adj) He is young not old. vs. (Group noun) The young have time, the old do not. Noun to Personal Noun SUFFIX NOUN – PERSONAL NOUN NOUN – PERSONAL NOUN NOUN– PERSONAL NOUN -ARIAN holders of a particular doctrine vegetable – vegetarian discipline – disciplinarian human – humanitarian sect – sectarian parliament – parliamentarian -EE person / instrument
address (N/V) – addressee refuge (N) – refugee -ER person concern with farm (N/V) – farmer hat – hatter law – lawyer jewel – jeweler prison – prisoner village – villager -EER person concerned with engine –engineer profit – profiteer musket – musketeer racket – racketeer auction – auctioneer mountain – mountaineer -IST person who practices bicycle – bicyclist (N→N) cartoon – cartoonist (N→N) column – columnist physics – physicist terror – terrorist violin – violinist -STER person connected to game – gamester gang – gangster mob – mobster prank – prankster song – songster trick – trickster old¹ – oldster spin² – spinster ¹ young / old – could be an adj or a noun: (Adj) He is young not old. vs. (Group noun) The young have time, the old do not. ² spinster – used for a woman who has never married, "a spinner of thread"; a person who does yarn spinning London – Londoner See Demonyms. (Huddleston 19 5.7 Nominalizations) (Swan 384-6) Feminine Noun Forms Suffixes that denote females Masculine/Neutral to Feminine SUFFIX MASCULINE – FEMININE MASCULINE – FEMININE NEUTER/MASC. – FEMININE -ETTE feminine / diminutive (French)
brunet¹ (Adj) [Fr. masc.] – brunette (fem.) bachelor² (N) – bachelorette major (N) – majorette suffrage³ (N) – suffragette coque (N) [Fr. "rooster"] – coquette -TRIX / -TRICE feminine (Latin)
aviator (N) – aviatrix dominator (N) – dominatrix administrator (N) – administratrix executor (N) – executrix director (N) – directrice (fem.) beatus (N) [Latin "who makes happy"] – Beatrice -TRESS /-ESS feminine (French from -ISSA Greek) actor (N) – actress (wait staff) master/mister(N) – mistress ( Ms.) seducer (N) – seductress lion (N) – lioness Melissa ("honey bee") Clarissa -IENNE feminine (French) comedian (N) – comedienne equestrian (N) – equestrienne Adrian (name masc.)– Adrienne -ÉE feminine (French)
fiancé (Partcpl) – fiancée divorcé (Partcpl) – divorcée ¹ brun (French) – brown; masculine hair color brunet (Fr) feminine brunette (Fr / Eng) ² bachelor (N) – a young unmarried man; a college degree ³ suffrage – the right to vote -ISSA (Greek) – meli "honey" Melissa ("honey bee"); Clarissa (fem./diminutive of Clara) Find word origins (etymology) on Dictionary.com. Diminutive Noun Forms Suffixes for smallness or affection Standard to Diminutive SUFFIX STANDARD – DIMINUATIVE STANDARD – DIMINUATIVE STANDARD – DIMINUATIVE -ETTE diminutive (French)
case (N) [Fr. casse] – cassette towel (N) – towelette novel (N) – novelette (novela) vinegar (N) – vinaigrette kitchen (N) – kitchenette rouelle (FR. "wheel") – roulette rose (N) – rosette cigar (N) – cigarette toilet (N) – toilette³ (N) (ethics) (N) [Fr.] – etiquette vine (N) [Fr.] "vigne" – vignette -SIE / SY foot– footsie one – onesie (one-piece baby wear) tiny (Adj) – teensie weensie hot (Adj) – hotsy-totsy Patricia / Pat – Patty / Patsie ? – Tootsie -IE / Y cook (N/V) – cookie hood (N) – hoodie lad (N) – laddie pup (N) – puppy duck (N) – ducky mom (N) – mommy Bob – Bobby Thomas – Tommy Susan – Susie -LET book (N) – booklet brace (N) – bracelet cut (N) – cutlet (small cut of meat) out (Adv) – outlet owl (N) – owlet [alemelle "thin plate" OFr.] – omelet tart (N) – tartlet toile (N "small cloth" Fr.) – toilet viola (N "purple flower" Lat.) – violet -LING
change (V) – changeling (folklore– baby left by fairy) dear (Adj) – darling duck (N) – duckling found (V) – foundling (abandoned baby) hire (V) hireling (menial or hourly worker) nest (N) – nestling prince (N) – princeling under (Adv) – underling (subordinate) -KIN
[Dutch / German / -quin French] pumpkin "pepon" melon (Grk.) lambkin "lamb" (1570) munchkin Wizard of Oz (1900) bumpkin "little barrel" a simple person (M. Dutch) napkin "nappe" little table cloth (O. Fr.) ramekin (little baking dish "ram") (M. Dutch), ramequin (Fr.) ¹ brun (French) — brown masculine brunet (Fr) feminine brunette (Fr / Eng) ² bachelor (N) – a young unmarried man; a college degree ³ toilette – may refer to a toilet (commode) or to the process of bathing and grooming peponi – melon (Greek) nape – table cloth in (Middle English) munchkin – dwarf in Wizard of Oz -cule — molecule, animacule, capsule -ello / -ella — bordello, limoncello, salmonella, Ella (name) silhouette – à la silhouette, after Etienne de Silhouette Find word origins (etymology) Dictionary.com. Collective Noun Forms Collective nouns derived from other nouns Noun → Collective Noun NOUN WORD FORM A collective noun may be formed from other nouns. The nouns below refer to individuals. SUBJECT PREDICATE + COMPLEMENT A star lives a public life. Our partner is Sky Airways. A child enjoys playtime. COLLECTIVE NOUN WORD FORM
SUBJECT PREDICATE + COMPLEMENT Stardom can attract too much attention. Our partnership has been successful. Childhood lasts a short time. Noun to Collective Noun List
star – stardom fan – fandom bore – boredom king – kingdom free – freedom (Adj→N) wise – wisdom (Adj→N) -SHIP state, condition, skill, office, associated with censor – censorship partner – partnership scholar – scholarship dealer – dealership workman – workmanship apprentice – apprenticeship -HOOD state, collective brother – brotherhood widow – widowhood neighbor – neighborhood child – childhood live – livelihood (V→N) false – falsehood (Adj→N) -ERY location, collective, behavior condition slave – slavery (collective state) machine – machinery citizens – citizenry (collective) -dom archdukedom, bachelordom, boredom, chiefdom, computerdom, coupledom, czardom, freedom, gangsterdom, hippiedom, kaiserdom, kingdom, princedom, serfdom, sheikdom, sheriffdom, wisdom, yuppiedom -ship airmanship, authorship, captainship, censorship, comradeship, dealership, fellowship, kingship, kinship, lordship, mentorship, partnership, readership, scholarship, sponsorship, sponsorship, viewership, workmanship -hood adulthood, babyhood, boyhood, brotherhood, childhood, cousinhood, falsehood, fatherhood, girlhood, knighthood, likelihood, livelihood, manhood, motherhood, nationhood, parenthood, priesthood, sisterhood, statehood, toddlerhood, widowhood, womanhood -ery adultery, antislavery, baptistery, bewitchery, buffoonery, chancellery, demagoguery, distillery, effrontery, gendarmerie, housewifery, jackassery, lampoonery, machinery, midwifery, millinery, monastery, perfumery, presbytery, savagery, skullduggery, slavery, snobbery, thievery, tomfoolery, villager, witchery Noun Forms Noun forms with same verb form ("zero suffix") aircraft Same Form—Verb → Noun VERB A suffix normally marks a word as an adjective, verb, or noun. A suffix is placed at the end of the word. The words below are verbs. The pilots will attempt to take off together. The pilots will control their aircrafts. The aircraft will rise into the air. The aircraft will circle in the air. (loop) NOUN
The attempt was successful. subj NP The pilot's control was effective. subj NP The rise will be sharp. subj NP The path of the aircraft will form a circle. obj NP SUBJ NP – subject noun phrase No suffix — also known as 'conversion' , 'zero-affixation' or 'zero-derivation'. Same Form—Verb to Noun (primarily a verb) arrest (V) – arrest (N) attempt (V) – attempt (N) bore (V) – bore (N) cheat (V) – cheat (N) coach (V) – coach (N) cough (V) – cough (N) desire (V) – desire (N) flirt (V) – flirt (N) go (V) – go (N) grin (V) – grin (N) laugh (V) – laugh (N) read (V) – read (N) smile (V) – smile (N) sneak (V) – sneak (N) spy (V) – spy (N) whisper (V) – whisper (N) whistle (V) – whistle (N) win (V) – win (N) Same Form—Noun to Verb (primarily a noun) boss (V) – boss (N) butcher (V) – butcher (N) butter (V) – butter (N) cash (V) – cash (N) eye (V) – go (N) finger (V) – finger (N) fish (V) – fish (N) gesture (V) – gesture (N) knife (V) – knife (N) knot (V) – knot (N) motion (V) – motion (N) nap (V) – nap (N) panic (V) – panic (N) parody (V) – parody (N) parrot (V) – parrot (N) queue (V) – queue (N) [Br-En] ski (V) – ski (N) skin (V) – skin (N) water (V) – water (N) zero (V) – zero (N) (Huddleston 19 §3.1)
conDUCT (V) – CONduct (N) conFLICT (V) – CONflict (N) conTEST (V) – CONtest (N) conVERT (V) – CONvert (N) conVICT (V) – CONvict (N) deCREASE (V) – DEcrease (N) deSERT (V) – DESert¹ (N) diGEST (V) – DIgest (N) esCORT (V) – EScort (N) exPORT (V) – EXport (N) fragMENT (V) – FRAGment (N) inSERT (V) – INsert (N) inSULT (V) – INsult (N) perMIT (V) – PERmit (N) preSENT (V) – PREsent (N) reCORD (V) – REcord (N) reJECT (V) – REject (N) transFER (V) – TRANSfer (N) susPECT (V) – SUSpect (N) ¹ de-sert' [Latin (V) deserere "abandon, forsake"] → des' ert [Latin (N) desertum "a land that is abandoned"] → des-sert' [French (N) desservir "to clear the table"]. ("dessert" See Word Origin from Dictionary.com) (Huddleston 19 §2.6) Also see dessert vs. desert in Lesson 15 "Commonly Misspelled Words." Keys to Spelling: Sounds and Syllables, 29 Aug. 2016, www.grammar-quizzes.com/spellingsum.html. Printable 3MB PDF. Nouns Ending in -ing Test a word for its Noun properties A true noun vs. verbal form [gerund-participle] NOUN WORD FORM A noun may end in -ing. To test if a word is a noun: (1) put an article before it or (2) a prepositional phrase after it. If not awkward sounding, then the word shares these properties belonging to nouns. NOUN PHRASE (1) ACCEPTS AN ARTICLE The landing was not difficult. The landings were not difficult. (2) IS SINGULAR OR PLURAL IN AGREEMENT
The landings / landings are not difficult. (3) ACCEPTS MODIFIERS
The landing of the airplane was not difficult. (Prep Phrase) The landing that the pilot made was impressive. (Rel Cls) (4) DOES NOT ACCEPT A NOUN PHRASE COMPLEMENT *The landing the plane was not difficult. GERUND WORD FORM A verbal form called a gerund (gerund-participle) ends in -ing. If it is a gerund, it (1) will not accept an article or any modifiers and (2) will be singular in agreement. See Gerund-Participle comparison of properties. GERUND CLAUSE (1) DOES NOT ACCEPT AN ARTICLE Landing the plane was not difficult. *The landing the plane was not difficult. (2) IS ALWAYS SINGULAR IN AGREEMENT
(3) DOES NOT ACCEPT MODIFIERS *Smooth landing the airplane was not difficult. *Landing of the airplane was not difficult. *Landing that was smooth was not difficult. (4) MAY ACCEPT A NOUN PHRASE COMPLEMENT Landing the plane was not difficult. (Object noun) Also see Participle Modifiers 2 and Gerunds. Also see Noun Properties | Noun, Verb, Gerund, Participle Properties. (Apply tests to determine if a word functions as other members in a category.) Nouns ending with -ing advertise (V) – advertising (N) airbrush (V) – airbrushing (N) beat (V) – beating (N) bless (V) – blessing (N) board (V) – boarding (N) bookmark (V) – bookmarking (N) come (V) – coming (N) dance (V) – dancing (N) edge (V) – edging (N) end (V) – ending (N) feed (V) – feeding (N) forget (V) – forgetting (N) forward (V) – forwarding (N) fund (V) – funding (N) handwrite (V) – handwriting (N) highlight (V) – highlighting (N) make (V) – making (N) market (V) – marketing (N) open (V) – opening (N) paint (V) – painting (N) plant (V) – planting (N) read (V) – reading (N) seat (V) – seating (N) understand (V) – understanding (N) "deverbal nouns" (Huddleston 19 5.7.2g) If you are unsure whether a word ending in -ing is a noun, add a determiner and/or a modifier. For example, compare "landing" and "flying". Add a determiner: The landing was smooth. *The flying was smooth. Or add a modifier: The landing in Atlanta was smooth. *The flying in the airplane was smooth. [Use the flight instead.] However, we could say, "The flying of the national flag is a sign of patriotism." *incorrect use
Common Mistakes Errors and Solutions Focus and Solution ERROR Informal speech may include using a verb form as a noun when a true noun form exists: ~ What's the ask on that house? ~ Let's see the reveal. ~Have a listen to this. ~ Do the reboot and call me later. Using a noun form as a modifier when a true adjective exists: ~ The education research suggests that we need to improve in math. SOLUTION
What is the asking price. / What is the question regarding that house? Let's reveal the changes. / The revelation caused a protest. Listen to this. Take a look at this. Reboot it and call me later. After rebooting, call me. The educational research suggests that we need to improve in math. The research in education suggests that we need to improve in math. Note: In many cases a noun can modify another noun, however, if there is an adjective form for a word, use it. * Incorrect use / ~ Questionable use Pop-Q – "The fix" Works Cited "50 Diminutive Suffixes (and a Cute Little Prefix)." Daily Writing Tips. 2016, dailywritingtips.com/50-diminutive-suffixes-and-a-cute-little-prefix. Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). Brigham Young U, 2013, corpus.byu.edu/coca. "dessert". Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House, 29 Aug. 2016, http://www.dictionary.com/browse/dessert. Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House, Inc. 21 Jun. 2015. Frank, Marcella. Modern English: Exercises for Non-native Speakers. Part I, Prentice-Hall, 1972. Huddleston, Rodney D., and Geoffrey K. Pullum. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge UP, 2002. "List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 16 Aug. 2016, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_medical_roots,_suffixes_and_prefixes. Swan, Michael. Practical English Usage. 3rd ed., Oxford UP, 2005. Practice 1 Air Travel booking a flight Read Context International travel requires passing through airports and that can be challenging. Making a -reserve- is mostly done online nowadays. The -seat- is first come, first served, so it is important to plan ahead. On the day of your trip, you should plan an early -arrive- to the airport. You should be there at least two hours before the -depart- of an international flight. -Process- for checking in passengers can take a long time. An agent will ask you to show your -identify-. A security agent will ask you a few -quest- about the contents of your baggage. Then they will permit your -enter- into the secure area of the airport. Another agent will announce the -board- of the aircraft. At that time, you will walk down a long -pass- to the door of the airplane. content – what is inside of something (bag) process – a series of actions directed toward completing a goal Select the noun form for each verb.
1.Making –reserve- is mostly done online nowadays. Feedback 1 2. -seat- is first come, first served, so it is important to plan ahead.Feedback 2 3.On the day of your trip, you should plan -arrive- to the airport.Feedback 3 4.You should be there at least two hours before -depart- of an international flight. Feedback 4 5. -Process- for checking in passengers can take a long time. Feedback 5 6.An agent will ask you to show your -identify- .Feedback 6 7.A security agent will ask you -quest- about the contents of your baggage.Feedback 7 8.Then they will permit -enter- into the secure area of the airport. Feedback 8 9.Another agent will announce -board- of the aircraft.Feedback 9 10.At that time, you will walk down -pass- to the door of the airplane.Feedback 10 Practice 2 Transportation in my City City traffic Read for Errors Transportation in my country is very difficulty to use. There are several buses, but they are always congestion with riding people. The arrivings and departings are rarely on schedule. The taxis are no better because the pay for a trip is too high. Most people have a prefer share a ride. The government regulations drivers. However, no one does inspections to see if they are following the regulations. Most people prefer the inter-city train ( tram) that connectors the neighborhoods of the city. The train attenders keep the train clean and safe. The other option is to walk and use local shopping and services. attend (V) – be present, care for, watch over congestion (N) – overcrowding, excessive amount in a small place connect (V) – join together, link inspect (V) – examine details opt (V) – choose, select regulate (v..) – control by rule Change the verbs to noun forms. Select a response correct or incorrect. Compare your response to the feedback by clicking the "Check 11-20" button at the bottom, or click the "Check" button to the left as you go. 11.Transportation in my country is very difficulty to use. Correct IncorrectFeedback 11
Correct IncorrectFeedback 12 13.The arrivings and departings are rarely on schedule. Correct IncorrectFeedback 13 14.The taxis are no better because the pay for a trip is too high. Correct IncorrectFeedback 14 15.Most people have a prefer share a ride. Correct IncorrectFeedback 15 16.The government regulations drivers. Correct IncorrectFeedback 16 17.However, no one does inspections to see if they are following the regulations. Correct IncorrectFeedback 17 18.Most people prefer the inter-city train that connectors the neighborhoods of the city. Correct IncorrectFeedback 18 19.The train attenders keep the train clean and safe. Correct IncorrectFeedback 19 20.The other option is to walk and use local shopping and services. Correct IncorrectFeedback 20 Practice 3
Read Context It is indispensable to supervise aircraft checks. ⇒ It is important to maintain an airplane. It is necessary to inspect the engines. It is critical to employ good technicians. It is essential to transport passengers safely. It is dangerous for any part of the airplane to fail. It is required to approve all work on the aircraft. It is necessary to replace all worn parts. It is logical to require safety updates. It is reasonable to retire an aircraft after twenty years. The supervision of aircraft is indispensable. The… is important. The… is necessary. The… is critical. The… is essential. The… is dangerous. The… is required. The… is necessary. The… is logical. The… is reasonable. Also see "It is" + Adjective + Infinitive Change the focus from the speaker's opinion to the action. Reword the sentence so that it begins with a noun clause not an it-clause. Compare your response to the feedback by clicking the "Check 21-30" button at the bottom, or click the "Check" button to the left as you go. Download 26,62 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham:
|
Bosh sahifa
юртда тантана
Боғда битган
Бугун юртда
Эшитганлар жилманглар
Эшитмадим деманглар
битган бодомлар
Yangiariq tumani
qitish marakazi
Raqamli texnologiyalar
ilishida muhokamadan
tasdiqqa tavsiya
tavsiya etilgan
iqtisodiyot kafedrasi
steiermarkischen landesregierung
asarlaringizni yuboring
o'zingizning asarlaringizni
Iltimos faqat
faqat o'zingizning
steierm rkischen
landesregierung fachabteilung
rkischen landesregierung
hamshira loyihasi
loyihasi mavsum
faolyatining oqibatlari
asosiy adabiyotlar
fakulteti ahborot
ahborot havfsizligi
havfsizligi kafedrasi
fanidan bo’yicha
fakulteti iqtisodiyot
boshqaruv fakulteti
chiqarishda boshqaruv
ishlab chiqarishda
iqtisodiyot fakultet
multiservis tarmoqlari
fanidan asosiy
Uzbek fanidan
mavzulari potok
asosidagi multiservis
'aliyyil a'ziym
billahil 'aliyyil
illaa billahil
quvvata illaa
falah' deganida
Kompyuter savodxonligi
bo’yicha mustaqil
'alal falah'
Hayya 'alal
'alas soloh
Hayya 'alas
mavsum boyicha
yuklab olish