Transistor Logic (ttl)



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Transistor - Transistor Logic (TTL)

  • iR
  • iC3
  • vi
  • vo
  • TTL basics of operation
    • Similar to that of simplified TTL
    • Why Q2 and Q4 added?
    • Why the diode D added?
  • For input low,
    • Current iR flows out the input (E of Q1) into the output of inverter driving input.
    • Q2 is in cutoff since it gets no base current from Q1.
    • Q3 is in cutoff since it gets no base current from Q2.
    • Output is high since iC3 ≈ 0.
  • For input high,
    • Current iR flows out C of Q1 into base of Q2.
    • Q2 comes on in active mode and then moves into saturation.
    • Q2’s emitter current provides base current for Q3.
    • Q3 comes on in active and then moves into saturation mode so output goes low, i.e. vo ≈ VCE,sat = 0.2V.

Transistor - Transistor Logic (TTL)

  • Assumptions for analysis:
    • All transistors are npn and identical.
    • For p-n junctions in transistors to be conducting current,
    • For transistors in forward active mode,
      • iC = β iB,
      • VBE,active ≈ 0.7 V
    • For transistors in forward saturation mode,
      • VBE,sat ≈ 0.8 V.
      • VCE,sat ≈ 0.2 V.
      • iC < β iB or iC / iB < β.
    • For transistors in inverse mode (E junction reverse biased, C junction forward biased),
  • vi
  • vo

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