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Theme: “Vitamins” Individual work Vitamins (from lat. Vita “life” + amine ) are a group of low molecular weight organic compounds of relatively simple structure and various chemical nature. This is a chemically combined group of organic substances, united on the basis of their absolute necessity for a heterotrophic organism as an integral part of food ( in the general case, from the environment). Autotrophic organisms also need vitamins, obtaining them either through synthesis or from the environment. Thus, vitamins are a part of nutrient media for growing phytoplankton organisms. Most vitamins are coenzymes or their precursors. - Vitamins (from lat. Vita “life” + amine ) are a group of low molecular weight organic compounds of relatively simple structure and various chemical nature. This is a chemically combined group of organic substances, united on the basis of their absolute necessity for a heterotrophic organism as an integral part of food ( in the general case, from the environment). Autotrophic organisms also need vitamins, obtaining them either through synthesis or from the environment. Thus, vitamins are a part of nutrient media for growing phytoplankton organisms. Most vitamins are coenzymes or their precursors.
Vitamins are found in food in very large quantites and there fore belong to micronutries along with trace elements. Vitamins do not include not only trace elements, but also essential amino acids and essential fats. - Vitamins are found in food in very large quantites and there fore belong to micronutries along with trace elements. Vitamins do not include not only trace elements, but also essential amino acids and essential fats.
- Due to the lack of an accurate definition, different amounts of substances were assigned to vitamins at different times. As of mid-2018, 13 vitamins are known.
Vitominology is a science at the intersection of biochemistry, food hygiene, pharmacology and some other biomedical sciences, which studies the structure and mechanisms of action of vitamins, as well as their use for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. - Vitominology is a science at the intersection of biochemistry, food hygiene, pharmacology and some other biomedical sciences, which studies the structure and mechanisms of action of vitamins, as well as their use for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes.
Some sources list fourteen vitamins, by including choline, but major health oorganizations list thirteen: vitamin A (retinol), vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B3 (niacin), vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin B7 (biotin), vitamin B9 (folic acid or folate), vitamin B12 (cobalamins), vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin D (calciferols), vitamin E (tocopherols and tocotrienols), and vitamin K (phylloquinone and menaquinones). - Some sources list fourteen vitamins, by including choline, but major health oorganizations list thirteen: vitamin A (retinol), vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B3 (niacin), vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin B7 (biotin), vitamin B9 (folic acid or folate), vitamin B12 (cobalamins), vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin D (calciferols), vitamin E (tocopherols and tocotrienols), and vitamin K (phylloquinone and menaquinones).
Vitamins have diverse biochemical functions. Vitamin A acts as a regulator of cell and tissue growth and differentiation. Vitamin D provides a hormone-like function, regulating mineral metabolism for bones and other organs. The B complex vitamins function as enzyme cofactors (coenzymes) or the precursors for them. Vitamins C and E function as antioxidants. Both deficient and excess intake of a vitamin can potentially cause clinically significant illness, although excess intake of water-soluble vitamins is likely to do so. - Vitamins have diverse biochemical functions. Vitamin A acts as a regulator of cell and tissue growth and differentiation. Vitamin D provides a hormone-like function, regulating mineral metabolism for bones and other organs. The B complex vitamins function as enzyme cofactors (coenzymes) or the precursors for them. Vitamins C and E function as antioxidants. Both deficient and excess intake of a vitamin can potentially cause clinically significant illness, although excess intake of water-soluble vitamins is likely to do so.
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