Present forms

Present forms

Jumanazarov Khumoyun

Present forms

• Present forms – Hozirgi zamon shakllari
• 1. Present simple – hozirgi oddiy zamon
• A) HOZ ni biz doimiy holatlar, takrorlanuvchi ish harakat lar va kundalik ishlar uchun ishlatamiz.
• For example:
• He works in a bank. ( permanent state- doimiy holat)
• He takes the train to work every morning. (daily routine/repeated actions)
• B) HOZ ni biz umumiy haqiqatlar va tabiat qonunlari haqida gap ketganda ishlatamiz.
• For example:
• The sun sets in the west.
• C) HOZ ni biz jadvallar (samalyotlar reyslari, poyezdlar va h.k) va dasturlarga asoslangan vaziyat va ish harakatlarni

• ifodalash uchun ishlatamiz.
• For example:
• The plane from Brussels arrives at 8:30.
• D) HOZ ni biz sport sharhlari, taqrizlar va hikoyalarni aytib berishda foydalanamiz.
• a) Peterson overtakes Williams and wins the race. (Sports commentary)
• sharhlovchi: Peterson Villiamsni quvib o’tdi va poygada g’alaba qozondi.
• b) Mike Dalton plays the part of Macbeth. (review)
• Mayk Dalton Makbetni yarmi bo’lib o’ynadi.
• c) Then the prince gets on his horse and quickly rides away. (narration)
• E) HOZ ni biz yo’l-yo’ri va kko’rsatmalar berish uchun

• ishlatamiz. (buyruq gap o’rnida)
• For example;
• You sprinkle some cheese on the pizza and then you bake it.
• NOTE!!! Yuqoridagi namuna Buyruq gap o’rnida HOZ ni ishlatilishi edi.
• COMPARE: Sprinkle some cheese on the pizza….
• You sprinkle some cheese on the pizza…
• Hozirgi Oddiy Zamon quyidagi vaqt iboralari bilan birga ishlatiladi: usually-odatda, often - tez-tez, always- har doim etc. every day/week/month/year, in the morning/afternoon/evening, at night, at the weekend, on Mondays, etc.

• Present continuous
• Hozirgi davomli zamon
• A) HDZ ni biz hozir sodir bo’layotgan ish harakatlar, yani ayni suhbat davomida sodir bo’layotgan ish harakatlar uchun ishlatamiz.
• For example:
• He is giving the baby a bath at the moment.
• B) HDZ ni biz muvvaqat ish harakatlar uchun yani hozirgi vaqtda sodir bo’layotgan ammo bu hodisalar ayni suhbat davomida sodir etmayotgan ish harakatlarni ifodalashda ishlatamiz.
• Sarah: What are you doing?
• Sam: I am looking for a new job these days.
• Izoh!!! Bu dialogda Sam aynan hozir ish qidirmayapti chunki u hozir Sarah bilan suhbatlashyabti. Ammo bu shu kunlarda ish qidirmayapti degani emas.
• C) HDZ ni biz always, constantly-doim, continually-davomiy, etc. kabi ravishlar bilan birga

• ishlatganimizda biror bir ish harakat juda tez-tez sodir bo’layotgan bo’ladi va bu ko’pincha alam, jahl va qaxr kabi emotsiyalarni ifodalaydi(a). Ammo bazida bu holat shunchaki tez-tez sodir bo’layotganini ifodalashda ham qo’llashimiz mumkun(b).
• COMPARE!!!
• a) You are constantly interrupting me when I am talking.
• b) I am always meeting Sarah when I go shopping.
• D) HDZ ni biz yaqin kelajakda rejaashtirib qo’ygan ish harakatlarni ifodalashda ishlatmiz, ayniqsa vaqt va joy oldindan aniqlanib olingan bo’lsa.
• For example:

• They are moving into their new house next week. (vaqt va joy kelishib olingan)
• E) HDZ ni biz o’zgarayotgan va rivojlanayotgan hodisalarni ifodalashda ham ishlatamiz.
• For example:
• More and more species are becoming extinct.
• Hozirgi Davomli Zamon quyidagi vaqt ko’rsatkichlari bilan ishlatamiz: now, at the moment, at present, these days, still, nowadays, today, tonight. Etc.