Past Perfect Tanse

Past Perfect Tense O’tgan tugallangan zamon

Past Perfect Tense ( O’tgan tugallangan zamon)

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• O’tgan zamonda ma’lum paytgacha tugallangan ish-harakatni ifodalaydi.
• Yordamchi fe’li: had; S + had + Ved (3)
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• + I ] ? [I ] - I ]
• He ] [He] He ]
• She ] [She] She ]
• It ] had written. Had [ It ] written? It ] had not written.
• We ] [we ] We ]
• You ] [you] You ]
• They ] [They] They]

Payt ravishlari: by 5 o’cloсk (soat beshgacha); by Monday (dushanbagacha); by that time (o’sha vaqtgacha); scarcely (zo’rg’a, qiyinchilik bilan); barely (zo’rg’a, arang, bazo’r); hardly (zo’rg’a, bazo’r); no sooner (masdan); after ( -dan keyin ); before ( -dan oldin ); by the end of 2017 ( 2017-yil oxirigacha ); by the end of the year

• Payt ravishlari: by 5 o’cloсk (soat beshgacha); by Monday (dushanbagacha); by that time (o’sha vaqtgacha); scarcely (zo’rg’a, qiyinchilik bilan); barely (zo’rg’a, arang, bazo’r); hardly (zo’rg’a, bazo’r); no sooner (masdan); after ( -dan keyin ); before ( -dan oldin ); by the end of 2017 ( 2017-yil oxirigacha ); by the end of the year
• ( yil oxirigacha ); by the 15 th of March ( 15-martgacha )
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• 1) Past Simple bilan ifodalangan o’tgan zamondagi ikkinchi bir ish-harakatda tugallanganlik, bajarilganlik ma’nosi bo’lsa Past Perfectni ishlatamiz :
• e.g. They had shipped the goods when you called. Siz qo’ng’iroq qilganda ular tovarlarni yuklab bo’lgan edilar.
• e.g. We had not reached the station when it began to rain. Yomg’ir yog’a boshlaganda biz bekatga yetib bormagan edik.
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• 2) After – dan keyin bilan bog’langan ergash gapda Past Perfect ishlatiladi:
• After the sun had set we decided to return home. Quyosh botgandan keyin biz uyga qaytishga qaror qildik.
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• 3) Before qatnashgan ergash gaplarda bosh gap Past perfect zamonida ergash gap esa Past Simple zamonida bo’ladi.
• e.g. I had finished my work before he returned. U qaytib kelishidan oldin men ishimni tugatdim

4) Muallif gapini o’zlashtirma gapga aylantirganda Past simple yoki Present perfect zamonlarini Past perfectga aylanishi shart:

• 4) Muallif gapini o’zlashtirma gapga aylantirganda Past simple yoki Present perfect zamonlarini Past perfectga aylanishi shart:
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• 1. He told her that he had bought a new TV-set a year ago. U bir yil oldin televizor sotib olganini aytdi.
• ( I bought a new Tv-set a year ago)
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• 2. The man at the station said that the train had already left. Bekatdagi erkak poyezd allaqachon ketganini aytdi.
• ( The train has already left )
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• 5) When so’zidan keyin odatda Past Simple ishlatiladi. Lekin When so’zi –dan keyin ma’nosida kelsa Past Perfect ishlatiladi.
• e.g. When ( = after ) they had gone Jahongir began to work. Ular ketganidan keyin Jahongir ishlashni boshladi.
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• After Past Perfect , Past Simple. e.g. After I had written, I sent the letter.
• Before Past Simple , Past Perfect. e.g. Before I sent the letter, I had stamped it.
• No sooner Past Perfect than Past Simple e.g. No sooner I had reached than it rained.
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