1.Introduction 6
1.1.Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) in the Convention 6
1.2.Purpose of the guidance 6
1.3.Objectives of the inventory 7
1.4.Structure of the guidance 8
2.Background information on HBCD 10
2.1. Description of Characteristics of HBCD 10
2.2. Production of HBCD 11
2.3. Uses of HBCD 11
2.4. HBCD stockpiles, recycling and waste flow 13
2.5. Potentially HBCD contaminated sites and hot spots 16
3.How to conduct a HBCD inventory 18
3.1. Step 1: Planning the inventory 19
3.1.1. Establish a national inventory team 20
3.1.2. Identify key stakeholders 20
3.1.3. Define the scope of the inventory 22
3.1.4. Develop the work plan 23
3.2. Step 2: Choosing data collection methodologies 23
3.2.1. Tiered approach 23
Tier I: Initial assessment 24
Tier II: (Preliminary) Inventory 25
Tier III: In-depth inventory 25
3.2.2. Indicative, qualitative and quantitative methodologies 25
3.3. Step 3: Collecting and compiling data from key sectors 27
3.4. Step 4: Managing and evaluating the data 28
3.4.1. Data management 28
3.4.2. Mechanism for evaluation of the inventory 28
3.5. Step 5: Preparing the inventory report 29
4.Production and import/export of HBCD 31
4.1.Production of HBCD 31
4.2.Import and Export of HBCD 31
5.Inventory of HBCD in XPS and EPS 33
5.1.Use of EPS and XPS and related HBCD uses 33
5.1.1.EPS and XPS in the construction sector 33
5.1.2.EPS and XPS in packaging 35
5.1.3.XPS and EPS in furniture and nursing pillows 35
5.1.4.EPS in disposable drinking cups and plates 35
5.1.5. Recycled PS plastic from EPS/XPS recycling 35
5.2. Step 1: Planning the inventory of HBCD in EPS/XPS and identifying stakeholders 36
5.3. Step 2 and 3: Choosing data collection methodologies and collecting data 37
5.3.1. Tier I: Initial assessment of HCBD in EPS and XPS 37
5.3.2. Tier II: (Preliminary) Inventory of HBCD in EPS and XPS 38
5.3.3. Tier III: In-depth inventory of HBCD in XPS and EPS 43
5.4. Step 4: Managing and evaluating data 45
5.5. Step 5: Preparing the inventory report 45
6.Inventory of HBCD in textiles 47
6.1.1.HBCD use in textiles in transport seating and other textile/synthetics use in transport sector 48
6.1.2.HBCD use in textile applications used indoor 49
6.1.3.HBCD use in textile clothing 49
6.2.Step 1: Planning the inventory of HBCD in EPS/XPS and identifying stakeholders 50
6.3. Step 2 and 3: Choosing data collection methodologies and collecting data 51
6.3.1. Tier I: Initial assessment of HCBD in the textile sector 51
6.3.2. Tier II: (Preliminary) Inventory of HBCD in textile applications 51
6.3.3. Tier III: In-depth inventory of HBCD in textile sector 59
6.4. Step 4: Managing and evaluating data 61
6.5.Step 5: Preparing the inventory report 61
7.Inventory of HBCD in minor uses 63
7.1. HBCD use in electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) and related wastes 63
7.2. HBCD use in paints, coatings, glues and latex binders 64
8. Inventory of contaminated sites containing HBCD 65
8.1. Scope and background information 65
8.2. Step 1: Planning the inventory 66
8.3. Step 2 and 3: Choosing data collection methodologies and collecting data 67
8.3.1. Tier I: Initial assessment of potentially HCBD contaminated sites 67
8.3.2. Tier II: (Preliminary) Inventory of potentially HCBD contaminated sites 68
8.3.3. Tier III: In depth inventory of potentially HBCD contaminated sites 70
8.4. Step 4: Managing/evaluating data 71
8.5. Step 5: Reporting of potential HBCD-contaminated sites 75
9. Alternatives for HBCD 78
9.1 Potential alternatives 78
9.1.1. Flame Retardant Substitution 78
9.1.2. Resin/Material Substitution 80
9.1.3. Specialty and Emerging Alternative Materials 82
9.2 Criteria for flame retardant alternatives 82
9.2.1. Hazard Considerations criteria 83
9.2.2. Social Considerations 85
9.2.3. Performance, Availability, Accessibility and Cost Considerations 86
9.2.4. Examples assessed by the criteria 86
9.3 Examples of alternatives for HBCD 88
9.3.1. Alternatives for HBCD in HIPS 88
9.3.2. Butadiene styrene brominated copolymer 88
REFERENCES 89
ANNEXES 96
ANNEX A. Sampling HBCD presence and concentration tests 96
A2.1. Sampling 96
A2.2. Screening of Bromine as indication for HBCD 97
A2.3. Laboratory Analysis 98
ANNEX B. QUESTIONNAIRE 102
ANNEX B.1 QUESTIONNAIRE for compiling information on the presence of hexabromocyclododecane HBCD in Extended Polystyrene (EPS) and Extruded Polystyrene (XPS) in insulation in construction, packaging and other uses and related recycling and waste 102
ANNEX B.2 QUESTIONNAIRE for compiling information on the presence of HBCD in textile application and related recycling and waste 111
