General information about the computer

General information about the computer
Computer is an English word that means a calculator.Although it is now not only a calculator,it also handles text,audio,video and other data. However, now its old name – computer – is preserverd. Its main function is to process various data. First off all, it should be noted that in the minds of many, it is as if we have only a personal computer that we use every day.Of course ,there are many reasons for this. One of them is that modern personal computers are much faster and faster than previously considered universal computers, and the other is that these computers satisfy users to solve many problems.Although the term computer is now widely used, the terms computer and HM are also widely used in real life.But we use only the computer term for simplicity. There are different types of computers in practice: digital,analog(continuous), digital – analog , specialized. However,due to the use of digital computers, the universality of operations , the accuracy of computational operations and other indicators, they are used more and more. In practice , five groups of computers are now widely used in developed countries.Depending on the size of the computers memory , the speed of operations per second, the representation of data in the grid (cells) can be divided into five groups:

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  Super Computer;
  
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  Manframe Computer;
  
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  Minicomputers;
  
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  PC-Personal Computer;
  
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  Notebook computers.
  

Supercomputers (TOP 500 computers) are designed to solve very high-speed and large-scale problems. Such issues include global weather forecasting , the study of various flows in three- dimensional space, global information systems,etc.These computers perform 10 trillion operations per second.Intel ASCI Red computer system with 9472 processor installed in Sandia laboratory of the US Department of Energy is leading the competition for supercomputers. Its speed is 1 TFLOPS (1 TFLOPS is equal to 1000 GFLOPS, 1GFLOPS is equal to 1000000 FLOPS, 1FLOPS is equal to 1000 operations per second) in the LInpacr parallel test.In particular, this computer is used to model nuclear weapons.It is noteworthy that the University of Tokyo has the worlds fourth larges SGI ASCI Blue computer with 128 processors, running at 873GFLOPS per second.The following table provides information on Top Computers : RATING PLACE MANUFACTURING COUNTRY NAME COMPANY NUMBER PROCESSOR
1 .Intel ASCI Red USA SGI Intel (USA) 9472 1338
2. SGI ASCI BLUE USA SGI (USA) 6144 634
3.SGI T3E1200 USA SGI (USA) 1084 430
4.HITACHI SR8000 Japan HITACHI (japan)
5.SGI T3E900 USA SGI 1324 263
It should be noted that there are typs of supercomputers that are designed to solve
Problems in certain areas. Block computers (Manframe Computer) – designed to solve problems in various fields of science and technology.Their speed and memory are one or two steps lower than those of supercomputers.Examles include the US CRAY,IBM 390, 4300, IBM ES\9000, French Borrous 6000, Japanese M1800 and others.Minicomputers are at least one step behind block computers in terms of size and speed.It should be noted that their size is becoming more and more compact ,even taking up as little space as a personal computer.Examples of such computers are the PDP-11 (Software Driver Processor), VAX,Sun, IBM 4381, Hewlett Packards HP 9000 and others taces.It should be noted that minicomputers are rising to the level of capabilities of their ‘big brothers’ Manframe computers .It enough to look at history and observe their current development.
Personal computers are now widely used in businesses instutions , and universities, most of whij are IBM – compliant computers. IBM compliant computers mean that they are compotible with both hardware and software, regardless of whether they are manufactured by different companies. Such computers are small in size (sit on one table), the execution speed, for example, on computers with PENTIUM-3 MMX processor is currently 750 -1000 megahertz, and the memory capacity is 64-128 megabytes. These figures are changing rapidly , with the potential of computers doubling every two years and their prices falling so much. Today Pentium IV computers are also widespread in the global market.IBM PC compatibility computers are manufactured by hundreds of firms.These are IBM,Compaq, Hewlett-Packard, Pckard Bell , Toshiba, Apple , Siemens NIxdors,Acer, Olivetti,Gateway,SUN and others. It should be noted that computers manufactured by the above mentioned companies (bradiname) ‘Made in White’ in southea countries :Malaysia,China, Thailand, Korea and other countries under the license of the above named companies ‘Yellow’ has Computers without company names are called ‘anonymous computers’. especially when buying the next group of computers , they should be well tested (using tests).
For personal computers , it is important to have a performance guarante (at least thre years).However , when purchasing such computers , it should be borne in mind that the licensed software and the relevant literature can be provided together.