Can modal fe’li ish-harakatning bajarilish imkoniyati yoki qobiliyatini bildiradi. Can

Modal verbs:
Ish-harakatning bajarilish zaruriyati, ehtimolligi, qobiliyati, imkoniyati yoki buyruq, maslahat, burch, kinoyani ifodalovchi so’zlar Modal verbsdir.
Modal fe’llar 2 ga bo’linadi:

1. 
   Asl modal fe’llar: can, may, must, ought to, should, need
   

a) Asl modal fe’llar yakka o’zi ishlatilmaydi, ya’ni doim ma’noli yoki to’liqsiz fe’l oldidan ishlatiladi. (mustasno holati: Qisqa javob berishda ma’noli fe’lsiz yolg’iz o’zi ishlatilishi mumkin)
b) Modal fe’l ishlatilgan gapning zamoni modal fe’lda bo’ladi, demak, undan keyingi fe’l oddiy shaklda yoki zamonsiz bo’ladi.
c) Ought to dan tashqari barcha asl modal fe’llardan keyin to yuklamasini ishlatish mumkin emas.
d) Modal fe’llar shaxslarda tuslanmaydi, masalan: Present simple da 3-shaxs birlikda –s, -es ni olmaydi: I can always help you. He can always help you.
e) Modal fe’l qatnashgan gapning so’roq va inkor shakllari modal fe’lning o’zi bilan yasaladi: He can go-Can he go?-He can’t go.
Modal fe’llar chala fe’llar (Defective verbs) hisoblanadi, chunki ular barcha zamonlarda tuslana olmaydi, masalan: can modal fe’li 16 zamon uchun bor-yo’g’i 2 shaklga, can va could ko’rinishiga ega. Shu sababli ba’zi hollarda zamonni aniq ifodalash zaruriyatini hisobga olib ularning ekvivalentlari ishlatiladi:

2. 
   Modal fe’llarning ekvivalentlari: be able to, be permitted to, be allowed to, have to (have got to), be to. Bular ham barcha zamon shakllariga ega emas.
   

Modal fe’llarning ishlatilishi:

CAN modal fe’li ish-harakatning bajarilish imkoniyati yoki qobiliyatini bildiradi.
Can dan keyin oddiy shakldagi gapning zamoni hozirgi yoki kelasi zamonga tegishli bo’ladi:
You can see the sea from our bedroom in window. (imkoniyat) Can you speak any foreign languages? – Yes, I can. (qobiliyat)
Can ning o’tgan zamoni could. Can ning ekvivalenti be able to dir:
I can always help you = I am always able to help you. I can help you now = I am able to help you now.
I can help you tomorrow = I shall be able to help you tomorrow.
I could help you yesterday = I was able to help you yesterday. !(ammo bu shakl doim ham teng emas)
Can dan keyin Perfect shakl ya’ni can + have + 3-ustundagi fe’l yoki can + have + fe’l + -ed (-d) strukturasi ishlatilsa, so’zlovchining o’tgan zamonda bajarilgan ish-harakatga ishonqiramaganligini bildiradi va bu struktura inkor va so’roq gaplarda ishlatiladi: He can’t have said so. Can you have helped your enemy? (so’roq gaplarda nahotki? deb tarjima qilinishi mumkin)