Bolim hozirgi zamon ing \ zamonlar tiz,m

So‘roq gaplar:

“to have” yordamchi fe’li egadan oldinga chiqariladi:

Have you been writing? - Sen yozyapsanmi?

What has he been writing? - U nimani yozyapti?

 

Inkor gaplar:

“to have” yordamchi fe’lidan keyin “not” inkor yuklamasi qo‘yiladi:

I have not been writing. (I haven’t been writing.) – Men yozmayapman.

You have not been writing. (You haven’t been writing.) – Sen yozmayapsan.

He / she / it has not been writing. (He’s / she’s / it hasn’t been writing.) – U yozmayapti.

We have not been writing. (We haven’t been writing.) – Biz yozmayapmiz.

You have not been writing. (You haven’t been writing.) – Siz yozmayapsiz.

They have not been writing. (They haven’t been writing.) – Ular yozmayaptilar.

 

Ishlatilishi:

1. Oldin boshlanib, hozirgacha davom etayotgan va aynan hozir, gapirib turgan paytida yoki shu kunlarda ham davom etayotgan ish-harakat. Bunda ish-harakatning qancha vaqtdan beri davom etayotganligini bilamiz:

It has been raining since morning!  - Ertalabdan beri yomg'ir yog'yapti.

I have been waiting for a bus for half an hour. - Men yarim soatdan beri avtobus kutyapman.

Please, be quiet, I’m reading. - Iltimos, tinchlaning, men o‘qiyapman.

I have been working here for three years. - Men uch yildan beri shu yerda ishlayapman.

Kalit so‘zlar:

for – ...dan beri (ish harakatning umumiy davom etish vaqtini ko'rsatadi)

since – ...dan beri (ish harakatning qachon boshlanganligini ko'rsatadi)

in the last ... – oxirgi ...

(Misol: In the last few year, he has not been going anywhere. - Oxirgi bir necha yil u hech qayerga bormayapti.)

so far – hozirgacha, shu paytgacha

(Misol: So far, I have been reading about this problem. - Shu paytgacha bu muammo bo'yicha o'qib kelyapman.)

lately – oxirgi paytlarda

all ... (day / week / year) – (kun / hafta / yil) bo'yi