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42-It is stated in the passage that .
A)the Hindenburg was one of the first great airships
B)there were sixty-two people on board at the time of the disaster
C)ocean liners filled with hydrogen often ended up with explosions
***D)after the Hindenburg disaster, there were no more airships of the same type
E)the great airships had a passenger capacity of from twenty-five to fifty passengers
Mountaineering as a sport has developed since about 1857, when the Alpine Club was founded in London. Earlier, climbers did not climb for pleasure but for some scientific or monetary motive, Dr Paccard of Chamonix was the first to scale Mont Blanc, in 1786, to show that man could live above the snow-line, but it was the lectures of Albert Smith, who climbed the peak in 1851, that kindled British interest. In 1854, Wills climbed the Wetterhorn and eleven years later, Whymper made his famous ascent of the Matterhorn. By 1880, all the major peaks of the Alps had been scaled, and so climbers went further afield to the Andes and the Himalayas.
43-The passage states that before the 1850s, .. .
A)one had to pay in order to climb mountains
B)mountain climbing cost a lot of money
C)the Alpine Club opened in London
D)people only climbed for research purposes
***E)climbing was not regarded as a hobby
44-British People in general first paid attention to mountaineering when . .
A)Mont Blanc was climbed for the first time
B)the Alpine club was initially founded in London
C)they realised that man could live above the snow-line
***D)a man made a series of, speeches on the subject
E)Dr Paccard climbed Mont Blanc in 1786
45-It is implied that European climbers first started climbing mountains outside Europe .. .
A)because the Alps in Europe took far too long to climb
B)once they had been inspired by Albert Smith's lectures
C)in order to obtain the sizeable financial benefits on offer
D)so that they could make field maps of other areas
***E)as they wanted to climb previously unclimbed mountains
Fossil analysis reveals that at least five periods in the last 600 million years have seen a drastic reduction in the number of species of flora and fauna on the Earth. However, on previous occasions such changes were brought about by asteroids or dramatic climatic changes. Experts in general believe that this decline is the work of man. The dominance of a single species type, homo sapiens, threatens to turn the rest of the living 'world upside down. With a population of barely six billion, humans are rapidly destroying irreplaceable ecosystems. This sixth round of global dying of species could be far larger than the first five.
46-According to the passage, the dominant belief among scientists is that .. .
A)throughout history there have been periods when many species of life have become extinct
B)the present climatic change known as global warming is probably a natural phenomenon
C)the Earth is in danger of being struck by an asteroid
***D)the present decline in the number of species is caused by the activities of mankind
E)we are experiencing the fifth period of species dying out
47-From the passage, we understand that the term "homo sapiens is . .
A)a method of analysing fossils
B)a way of referring to a large number of species of flora and fauna
***C)another term for the human race
D)an irreplaceable ecosystem which is being destroyed
E)a hostile environment in which many species die
48-The author predicts that . .
A)there will be no harmful effects from so many species dying
B)the world might be turned upside down by colliding with an asteroid
C)mankind will find a solution to the problem
***D)more species may die out this time than ever before
E)the human population will soon reach six billion
Rays of sunlight travel from 150 million kilometres away, and when they reach the Earth, they are parallel rays. The curve of the Earth means that the rays are vertical at the Equator but at quite a low angle when they reach temperate latitudes. As the rays lose heat passing through the atmosphere, the more direct the journey, the greater the heat which penetrates through to the surface of the Earth. The vertical rays in equatorial latitudes mean that it is much hotter at the Equator than it is in the regions where the sun's rays strike at a low angle. It is these variations in temperature that are largely responsible for the changes in weather.
49-The purpose of this passage is to explain . .
A)the distance between the Earth and the Sun
B)why sun-rays travel in a vertical position
****C)why the weather is different in different parts of the Earth
D)why sun-rays are parallel when they reach the Earth
E)the way in which the Earth goes around the Sun
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