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Business operations
 are those ongoing recurring activities involved in the running of a 
business for the purpose of producing value for the stakeholders. They are contrasted with 
project management, and consist of business processes. 

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Business process
 is a collection of related, structured activities or tasks that produce a 
specific service or product (serve a particular goal) for a particular customer or customers. 
There are three types of business processes: Management processes, Operational 
processes, and Supporting processes. 
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Business Process Modeling
 (BPM) is the activity of representing processes of an 
enterprise, so that the current ("as is") process may be analyzed and improved in future ("to 
be"). 
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Capability Maturity Model. 
 
PERT chart with two critical paths. 
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Capability Maturity Model
 (CMM) in software engineering is a model of the maturity of 
the capability of certain business processes. A maturity model can be described as a 
structured collection of elements that describe certain aspects of maturity in an 
organization, and aids in the definition and understanding of an organization's processes. 
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Change control
 is the procedures used to ensure that changes (normally, but not 
necessarily, to IT systems) are introduced in a controlled and coordinated manner. Change 
control is a major aspect of the broader discipline of change management. 

Change management
 is a field of management focused on organizational changes. It aims 
to ensure that methods and procedures are used for efficient and prompt handling of all 
changes to controlled IT infrastructure, in order to minimize the number and impact of any 
related incidents upon service. 

Case study
 is a research method which involves an in-depth, longitudinal examination of a 
single instance or event: a case. They provide a systematic way of looking at events, 
collecting data, analyzing information, and reporting the results. 
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