Ўзбекистон республикаси олий ва ўрта махсус таълим вазирлиги заҳириддин муҳаммад бобур номидаги

rock waste, organic matter, and so forth
) arranged in a particular way. The 
arrangement is seemingly meaningful, rather than haphazard, because it is explicable in terms of 
physical processes. The ‘things’ of which a hillslope is composed may be described by such 
variables as particle size, soil moisture content, vegetation cover, and slope angle. These 
variables, and many others, interact to form a regular and connected whole: a hillslope, and the 
mantle of debris on it, records a propensity towards reciprocal adjustment among a complex set 
of variables. The complex set of variables include rock type, which influences weathering rates, 
the geotechnical properties of the soil, and rates of infiltration; climate, which influences slope 
hydrology and so the routing of water over and through the hilllope mantle; tectonic activity, 
which may alter base level; and the geometry of the hillslope, which, acting mainly through 
slope angle and distance from the divide, influences the rates of processes such as land sliding, 
creep, solifluction, and wash. Change in any of the variables will tend to cause a readjustment of 
hillslope form and process.
 
Isolated, open, closed and dissipative systems 
Systems of all kinds are open, closed, or isolated according to how they interact, or do not 
interact, with their surroundings (Huggett 1985, 5–7).Traditionally, 
an isolated system
is a 
system that is completely cut off from its surroundings and that cannot therefore import or export 
matter or energy. 
A closed system
has boundaries open to the passage of energy but not of 
matter. And open system has boundaries across which energy and materials may move. All 
geomorphic systems, including hillslopes, may be thought of as 
open systems
as they exchange 
energy and matter with their surroundings. They are also