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Final written test
(якуний назорат тест саволлари)
VARIANT I
1. What does phonetics study?
a) Morphemes
b) Words
c) Speech sounds
d) Sentences
2. Phonetics is closely connected with…..
a) Grammar
b) Lexicology
c) Stylistics
d) a, b, c.
3. Who was the first linguist to distinguish speech sounds and phoneme?
a) I. A. Baudouin de Courtenay
b) L. V. Shcherba
c) N.V. Krushevsky
d) N. S. Trubezkoy
4. Define L.V.Scherba’s phoneme definition?
a) The smallest language unit which is able to distinguish words from each other
b) The shortest general sound image of a given language, which is capable of associating with the images of meaning differentiating words
c) Psychological equivalent of the speech sounds
d) The sum of acoustic impressions and of articulatory movements
5. What is a dialect?
a) It is the orthoepic norm of a language
b) Regional type of pronunciation
c) The variety which is spoken by is socially limited number of people only in certain localities
d) The variety which is spoken by all people
6. What are the main articulatory principles according to which speech sounds are classified?
a) The presence or absence of obstruction, the distribution of muscular tension, the force of the air stream
b) The presence of obstruction, absence of obstruction, words of vocal cords
c) The movement of the tongue, lips and vocal cords
d) Vibrations, the presence or absence of obstruction
7. What theory do the Prague phonologists suggest about diphthongs?
a) Analytic treatment
b) Unit theory
c) Functional approach
d) Morphological criteria
8. According to prof. D. Jones; “The distinction between vowels and consonants is based on…”
a) Acoustic consideration
b) Auditory considerations
c) Phonological considerations
d) Articulatory considerations
9. What kind of phonemes are continuants according to acoustic features?
a) Plosives
b) Affricates
c) Fricatives
d) Occlusives
10. What is the initial phase in the articulation of an isolated speech sound?
a) Speech organs are placed in the position necessary to produce the sound
b) Speech organs retain their position for a certain period of time
c) Speech organs return to a position of rest
d) a, b, c.
11. The raising of the central part of the tongue is…
a) Accommodation
b) Palatalization
c) Velarization
d) Nasalization
12. What is the syllable theory suggested by O. Jespersen?
a) Expiration
b) Muscular tension
c) Basic of articulation
d) Relative sonority
13. What is the auditory impression of word stress?
a) Prominence
b) Isolation
c) Intensities
d) Duration
14. Who suggested 11types of accentual structure of English words?
a) V. Vassilyev
b) O. Dickushina
c) G. Torsuyev
d) D. Jones
15. How many oppositions are there in English?
a) single
b) double
c) complex
d) a,b,c
16. What aspects do the speech sounds have?
a) Articulatory, physiological, functional and linguistic
b) Articulatory, physiological, phonological and functional
c) Articulatory, acoustic, auditory and linguistic
d) Articulatory, acoustic, auditory and perceptual
17. Who is the founder of phonology and the phoneme theory?
a) L.V. Shcherba
b) N.S. Trubetzkoy
c) N.V Krushevskiy
d) T.A. Boudouin de Courtenay
18. What is the experimental method based on?
a) Special apparatus or instruments
b) Laryngoscope and sight
c) Listening
d) Feeling
19. When did the phonemic period begin?
a) 1845
b) 1870
c) 1865
d) 1929
20. Who are representatives of the Moscow Phonological School?
a) Scherba, Vassilyev, Dickushkina, Panov
b) Zinder, Scalichka, Vachek
c) Avanesov, Sidorov, Reformatsky
d) Jakovlev, Vassilyev, Panov
21. What are main types of American English pronunciation?
a) GA, Western, Eastern
b) Western, Eastern, Southern
c) Eastern, Northern, Scottish
d) Northern, Southern, Eastern
22. From the acoustic point of view vowels are…….
a) Complex periodic vibrations
b) Non-periodic vibrations
c) Noises
d) Combination of noise and tone
23. Who discovered a physiological distinction between vowels and consonants?
a) D.Jones
b) A.Gimson
c) I. Ward
d) I. A.Boudouin de Courtenay
24. What theory do the American linguists suggest about diphthongs?
a) Analytical treatment
b) Unit Theory
c) Functional Approach
d) Morphological criteria
25. What are mixed vowels according to the horizontal movement of the tongue?
a) [Ι, Ι:]
b) [ə, ə:]
c) [a, u]
d) [e, Ι]
26. What does allophonic variations depend on?
a) The consonant quality
b) It depends on the position and does not change the quality of a consonant
c) The position and changes its quality and quantity
d) It does not depend on the position and changes its quality and quantity
27. What is accommodation?
a) The process of adapting the articulation of a consonant to a vowel, or vowel to a consonant
b) The lowering of the soft palate in the production of neighboring consonants
c) The process of adapting the articulation of sounds that are of a similar as identical nature
d) Under the influence of mutual assimilation there appears a new phoneme
28. The Swiss linguist F. de Saussure formulated a definition of the syllable on the basis of….
a) Sonority
b) Muscular tension
c) Expiration
d) Articulation
29. Stress in the English language is…….
a) Free
b) Fixed
c) Shifting
d) permanent
30. What is a broad definition of intonation?
a) Variation of the pitch of the voice
b) Complex unity of speech melody, sentence stress, tempo, rhythm and voice timbre
c) It is suggested by English linguists
d) Combination of intensity, frequency, duration and contiguity
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