Ўзбекистон республикаси олий ва ўрта махсус таълим вазирлиги наманган муҳандислик – Қурилиш

3. Research justifications and objective: 
Batteries were used for storage but life span plays a major role in their 
selection. While life span of supercapacitors is greater. Supercapacitors will play a 
role in improving performance of renewable energy system, improving power 
quality and lowering cost of purchasing power, especially in peak demand hours 
(peak hours). 
Therefore, in this article we will study supercapacitors (structure - storage 
mechanism - advantages - disadvantages - comparing with batteries) in addition to 
the converters that used in the charging and discharging process. 
4. Supercapacitors: 
Supercapacitors are distinguished from conventional capacitors by their 
large capacity (thousands of Farads), this is because high surface area of porous 
electrodes and the distance between the layers is very small, they also differ by 
using liquids (Sulfuric acid or potassium) as electrolyte instead of air or dielectric 
between the electrodes [1].
4.1 Structure: 
The supercapacitors, as shown in Fig1, consist of two electrodes of carbon 
or its derivatives, are separated of them by separator that allows only the passage 
of Ions and electrolyte rich in Ions. When the electrode is charged by applying an 
external voltage, the ions move within the electrolyte, so that the positive ions 
move towards negative electrode and the negative ions towards positive electrode, 
so Charge-Balancing layer is created on the boundary between the electrode and 
the electrolyte, so it arises in the capacitor Electrostatic double-layer capacitors. It 

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is produced between the electrodes and the electrolyte, as a result of the separation 
of charges in the electrolyte and their approach to the charges in the electrodes, 
depending on the material of the electrode and its shape some charges may leak 
into electrode, so two capacities arise on the ends of the capacitor, as shown in the 
fig1[2]: