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ROLE OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS IN FUTURE
TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS
Sh.U. Pulatov (professor, TUIT named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi)
N.X. Fayzullayevi (master student TUIT named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi)
While working out the further development of the fifth generation standard,
3GPP laid the possibility of integrating the standard with satellite communication
systems in Rel.17. This will significantly impact the expansion of 5G connectivity.
The integration of satellite communications and 5G can provide the long-awaited
universal connectivity of “everything, anytime, anywhere”.
Satellite broadcasting and mobile-satellite communications systems for air
and sea coverage are established markets, but satellites have not demonstrated their
ability to compete with terrestrial services elsewhere. However, one should
remember the unique features of satellites: a wide coverage area and the speed of
bringing new services to market. This will be key to the provision of affordable
services in the future and the selection of satellite as the preferred delivery
mechanism.
The revival of interest in communication from space began around 2014, in
which advances in technology and the requirements for ensuring universal
connectivity contributed a lot. Advances in microelectronics have made it possible
for satellite communications to use technologies such as multi-directional
(multipoint) antennas, onboard digital processing of the radio signal, and improved
modulation and coding schemes. Meanwhile, the duration of development and the
cost of equipment for satellite systems continued to decline significantly.
Satellite systems should have the flexibility to support a range of multimedia
services (Fig. 1) and that for these to be delivered economically, there is need for
integration with terrestrial systems — satellite systems cannot exist in isolation
except in niche areas.
Figure 1. Satellite services and coverage
Based on business and market observation in the recent past, the satellite
community must definitely look at the satellite as an integrated part of the global
telecommunications infrastructure rather than as an individual entity. This
phenomenon is going to be the basis for future satellite system architectures; a
possible generic system concept is depicted in Fig. 2.
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Figure 2. Layered networks.[2]
Satellite communications networks are now capable of supporting data rates
of up to several gigabits per second, which meet the requirements of enhanced
eMBB mobile broadband services. Thousands of channels of high-bandwidth
content (HD and UHD) can be streamed today, and all of these capabilities can be
implemented to support next-generation 5G mobile network services.
Satellite networks are already used as transport in 2G / 3G mobile
communications in many regions of the world, and high-performance modern and
next-generation satellites (HTS) in geostationary and non-geostationary orbits will
be able to support the transport infrastructure of 4G / LTE and 5G mobile
networks.
The concept of the 5G satellite segment being considered today is based on
the following premises:
- the satellite segment will integrate with other mobile and fixed networks -
the integration of the satellite and terrestrial 5G segment is the core of this vision;
- space communication systems are fundamental components for the reliable
provision of 5G services not only in Europe but also in all other regions of the
world, all the time and at an affordable price;
- 5G satellite segment will contribute to the characteristics of globality,
increase the capabilities of 5G services and solve the problems associated with
supporting the growth of multimedia traffic, ubiquitous coverage, machine-to-
machine communications and mission-critical telecom missions while optimizing
the cost to end users;
- the space segment could be part of a hybrid network configuration consisting
of broadcast and broadband infrastructures, managed to provide seamless and
immediate convergence of 5G services for all end users. [3]
The satellite segment of 5G networks is becoming one of the topical
directions for the development and standardization of 5G networks in the period
2020–2025. Leading international communication organizations, consortia and
major manufacturers have joined in active research on the possibilities of creating
a 5G satellite segment in the frequency bands that are allocated to the satellite
radio service, primarily in the S-, Ka- and V-frequency bands.
The key problems in the development of the satellite segment of the 5G
standard may be the sharing of the radio frequency spectrum in the frequency
bands allocated on a primary basis to the satellite and terrestrial 5G segments, as
well as the intersystem electromagnetic compatibility of onboard equipment and
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earth stations with the equipment of base and subscriber stations of the 5G
terrestrial segment.
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