Yusupov Oybek Nematjonovich Ahmedova Nigora Shavkatovna



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a)
 
Litotes 
Litotes is a stylistic device consisting of peculiar use of negative constructions 
instead of positive forms [64]. It is used to diminish the positive meaning:
He 
is no coward
 – he is a brave man. 
He is not a 
silly
 man. – He is a clever man. 
In this case we have intentional restrain which produces a stylistic effect. 
“Not 
silly”
is not equal to 
“clever” 
although the two constructions are synonymous. The 
same can be said about other pair: 
“no coward”
and 
“a brave man”
. In both cases the 
negative construction is weaker than the affirmative one. But it should be noted that 
the negative constructions here have a stronger impact on the reader than the 
affirmative ones; The latter have no additional connotation; the former have. That is 
why such constructions are regarded as stylistic devices. 
Thus litotes is a deliberate understatement used to produce a stylistic effect. It is 
nott a pure negation, but a negation that includes affirmation. Therefore here we may 
speak of transference of meaning, i.e., a device with the help of which two meanings 
are materialized simultaneously; the direct (negative) and transferred (affirmative). 
The stylistic effect of litotes depends mainly on intonation: 


102 
1.
 
It troubled him not a little. 
2.
Mr. Bardell was a man of honour – Mr. Bardell was a man of his word – 
Mr. Bardell was no deceiver…(
Dickens) 
The negation doesn’t indicate the absence of the quality mentioned, but 
suggests the presence of the opposite quality.
In litotes we have two meanings of quality – positive and negative. The posiyive 
meaning is in opposition to the negative meaning. The negative part is under double 
stress. This double stress helps to overestimate the whole construction. In usual 
negative constructions we do not have double stress and emphasis.
Litotes as an Stylistic device must not be fixed up with logical negation. 
Sometimes litotes serves to make a negative statement less categorical:
I’ve received your letter the terms of which 
not a little
 surprised me. 
Uzbek example: 
Bu zot diniy olim bo‘lishi ustiga siyosatdan ham xabarsiz emas 
edi.
(A. Qodiriy) 

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