Yusupov Oybek Nematjonovich Ahmedova Nigora Shavkatovna

historical words
, denoting historical phenomena 
which are no more in use (such as “yeoman”, “vassal”, falconet”). They never 
disappear from the language. They have no synonyms, whereas archaic words have 
been replaced by modern synonyms. 
Archaic words are used to create a realistic background to historical novels. 
They carry a special volume of information adding to the logical aspect of 
communication. They also appear in the poetic style as special terms and in the style 
of official documents to maintain the exactness of expression: 
hereby, aforesaid, 
therewith. 
The low predictability of an archaism when it appears in ordinary speech 
produces the necessary satirical
 
effect. 
Archaic words, word-forms and word-combinations are also used to create an 
elevated effect. Language is specially molded to suit a solemn occasion: all kinds of 
stylistic devices are used, and among them is the 
use of archaisms. 

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Stylistic functions of archaic words are based on the temporal perception of 
events described. Even when used in the terminological aspect, as for instance in law, 
archaic words will mark the utterance as being connected with something remote and 
the reader gets the impression that . he is faced with a time-honoured tradition. 
(d) Barbarisms and Foreign words
: 
Barbarisms are words of foreign origin which have not entirely been 
assimilated into the English language. They bear the appearance of a borrowing and 
are felt as something alien to the native tongue [11:84]. Nevertheless most of what 
were formerly foreign borrowings are now, from a purely stylistic position, not 
regarded as foreign. But still there are some words which retain their foreign 
appearance to a greater or lesser degree. These words, which are called barbarisms, 
are, like archaisms, also considered to be on the outskirts of the literary language. 
Most of them have corresponding English synonyms; e. g. chic (= stylish); 
Weltanschauung (= world-view); en passant (= in passing); ad infinitum (= to infinity) 
and many other words and phrases. 
It is very important for purely stylistic purposes to distinguish between 
barbarisms and foreign words proper. 
Barbarisms
are words which have already 
become facts of the English language. They are, part and parcel of the English word-
stock, though they remain on the outskirts of the literary vocabulary. 
Foreign words
though used for certain stylistic purposes, do not belong to the EV. They are not 
registered in dictionaries, whereas barbarisms are.
Foreign words are often 
italicized
, barbarisms on the contrary, are not made 
conspicuous in the text. There are foreign words in the EV which fulfill a 
terminological function (
kolkhoz, ukase, udarnik
) and reflect an objective reality of 
some country. Terminological borrowings have no synonyms; barbarisms-have.
Their functions: to express a concept non-existent in English reality, to supply 
local colour as a background to the narrative, reproduce actual manner of speech and 
environment of the hero, to elevate the language (words which we don’t quite 

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understand have a peculiar charm), “exactifying” function – to express some exact 
meaning (au revoir vs. good-bye). [18:68]