Do a preliminary search to find what information already exists.If you do a basic internet search and get hundreds of thousands of results, it's probably too broad. Likewise, if you can see from the results that other researchers have narrowed the topic, that tells you they found it too broad—which probably means it's too broad for you, too.[3]
For example, suppose you're researching why people believe the 2020 US presidential election was illegitimate. If an internet search brings up articles looking at voters from individual states, you might infer that "people" is too broad and you need to define which people you're going to study.
It's also possible that the topic you've chosen has already been researched extensively. In that situation, try to find a different angle that hasn't been looked at before. Scholarly journal articles often have sections devoted to questions for further research—these can get you started in the right direction.
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