Является ли M13 литическим или лизогенным? лизогенные фаги

Является ли M13 литическим или лизогенным?
лизогенные фаги
Фаги делятся на три основных класса в зависимости от их производства и генерации: литические фаги, такие как T4; умеренные фаги, такие как Lambda; и лизогенные фаги, такие как M13. M13 представляет собой нитевидный фаг, который превращает клетку-хозяина в фабрику генерации без литического разрушения.

M13 bakteriofagiyasi qanday ko'payadi?

Ota-ona RF hujayra membranasiga yopishadi, ammo RFning keyingi replikatsiyasi bloklanadi. Xulosa qilinadiki, M13 infektsiyasining yarim konservativ RF chastotasida qo'sh zanjirning qo'sh zanjirga ko'payishi, bir zanjirli DNK sintezidan farqli o'laroq, DNK funktsiyasiga bog'liq.

M13 infektsiyasi va replikatsiyasi

M13 tolasimon bakteriofag boʻlib, E. coli xostini yuqtiradi. M13 genomi quyidagi xususiyatlarga ega:

Dumaloq bir zanjirli DNK

6400 ta asosiy juftlik uzunligi
Genom jami 10 ta genni kodlaydi (I dan X gacha rim raqamlari yordamida nomlanadi)

1963 yilda kashf etilgan M13 bakteriofag birinchi marta ichak tayoqchasi bakteriyalaridan ajratilgan. M13 gram-manfiy bakteriyalarni yuqtirgan filamentli bakteriofaglarning Inoviridae oilasiga mansub bir zanjirli DNK virusidir. Bu faglarning Ff (F-spesifik filamentli fag) sinfiga kiradi va ma'lum bo'lgan eng kichik filamentli bakteriofaglardan biridir. M13 fagning afzalligi shundaki, hujayra liziziga sabab bo'lmasdan infektsiyalangan xost ichida ko'payish imkoniyati mavjud.

M13 bakteriyofagi keng qamrovli o'rganilgan va hozirda uning biokimyoviy, biofizik va genetik xususiyatlari haqida ko'p narsa ma'lum. Strukturaviy jihatdan M13 fagi besh xil oqsildan iborat bo'lib, ular pIII, pVI, pVII, pIX va asosiy kapsid oqsillari pVIIIni o'z ichiga oladi. Fag asosan VIII gen (g8) tomonidan kodlangan pVIII oqsilining 2700 nusxasidan iborat bo'lib, har bir uchini yopib turadigan kichik qobiq oqsillarining 4-5 nusxasi mavjud.

Dastlabki tadqiqotchilar M13 fagining qobiq oqsili yuzasini fag genomiga begona DNK fragmentlarini kiritish orqali genetik jihatdan o'zgartirilishi mumkinligini ko'rsatdi. Filamentli bakteriofag yuzasida ekzogen peptidlarning ifodalanishi birinchi marta Smit va boshqalar tomonidan tasvirlangan. al. 1985 yilda. Ushbu muhim kashfiyotdan beri M13 bakteriofagidan biologik tadqiqotlarda foydalanish uchun turli xil peptid ligandlarini ko'rsatish uchun vosita sifatida keng foydalanildi. M13 fagi rekombinant antikorlarni skrining qilish va tanlash uchun keng ko'lamli kutubxonalarni yaratish uchun ham ishlatilgan, bu terapevtik antikorlarni qidirishda foydali bo'ladi.

M13 filamentli fag qoplami oqsillarini taniydigan antikorlar ularning yuzasida o'ziga xos antikor fragmentlari yoki peptid ketma-ketligini ifodalovchi faglarni tanlash va aniqlashda muhim rol o'ynaydi. Exalpha tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan va yetkazib berilgan monoklonal antikorlar M13 filamentli bakteriofagining 45kDa pIII (g3p) yoki 5KDa pVIII (g8p) oqsillari bilan reaksiyaga kirishadi. Barcha antikorlar tozalangan formatda mavjud. Antikorlar to'liq tasdiqlangan va keng ko'lamli texnikalar uchun javob beradi, jumladan: -
ELISA
Oqim sitometriyasi
Western Blot
Immunogistokimyo
Immunitetning pasayishi
M13 Bacteriophage
Background
Discovered in 1963, M13 bacteriophage was first isolated from Escherichia coli bacteria. M13 is a single stranded DNA virus that belongs to the Inoviridae family of filamentous bacteriophages, which infect gram- negative bacteria. It is a member of the Ff (F-specific filamentous phage) class of phages and is one of the smallest filamentous bacteriophages known. M13 phage has the advantage of being able to reproduce within the infected host without causing cell lysis.
The M13 bacteriophage has been extensively investigated and much is now known about its biochemical, biophysical and genetic characteristics. Structurally, the M13 phage consists of five different proteins which include the minor coat proteins pIII, pVI, pVII, pIX and the major capsid protein pVIII. The phage predominantly consists of 2,700 copies of the pVIII protein, encoded by gene VIII (g8) with 4-5 copies of the minor coat proteins capping each end.
Early researchers demonstrated that the coat protein surface of the M13 phage could be genetically modified by incorporating foreign DNA fragments into the phage genome. The expression of exogenous peptides on the surface of filamentous bacteriophage was first described by Smith et. al. in 1985. Since this important discovery, M13 bacteriophage has been used widely as a vehicle for displaying various peptide ligands for use in biological investigations. The M13 phage has also been used to create vast display libraries for the screening and selection of recombinant antibodies, which is proving to be useful in the continuing search for therapeutic antibodies.
Antibodies recognising M13 filamentous phage coat proteins are instrumental in the selection and detection of phages expressing specific antibody fragments or peptide sequences at their surface. The monoclonal antibodies manufactured and supplied by Exalpha react with either the 45kDa pIII (g3p) or the 5KDa pVIII (g8p) proteins of M13 filamentous bacteriophage. All antibodies are available in a purified format. The antibodies are fully validated and are suitable for a wide range of techniques including: –

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  ELISA
  
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  Flow Cytometry
  
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  Western Blot
  
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  Immunohistochemistry
  
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  Immunoprecipitation
  

Xulosa -

M13 fag filamentli bakteriofag bo'lib, dumaloq bir ipli genomga ega. M13 fag E. coli ni yuqtiradi. klonlash vektorlari sifatida keng qo'llaniladi.
M13 qachon yaratilgan?
1963 yilda kashf etilgan M13 bakteriofag birinchi marta ichak tayoqchasi bakteriyalaridan ajratilgan. M13 - bu gram-manfiy bakteriyalarni yuqtirgan filamentli bakteriofaglarning Inoviridae oilasiga mansub bir zanjirli DNK virusi.

What does M13 mean?

M13 definition

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