Xorijiy tillar fakulteti fakultetlararo xorijiy tillar kafedrasi

Vocabulary

Word	Meaning
approve verb	to give official permission (esp. of a government or other authority)
benefit noun	a good or positive effect something has
benefit verb	to get a good or positive effect from something
drug noun	a substance that's taken to change one's normal physical or mental state
drug testing noun	the checking of blood for illegal drugs or banned substances
evidence noun	a fact that proves or supports a belief
fitness noun	good physical condition that comes from exercising
ill health noun	poor physical health; sickness
muscle noun	part in an arm, leg, finger, etc. that makes it move
overweight adj	being too heavy or weighing more than you should
performance-enhancingadj.	(of drugs) able to improve one's performance or chance of winning
pill noun	a small tablet that's swallowed, esp. one containing medicine or a drug
previous adj	having happened before; preceding
spare time noun	free time; time that hasn't been scheduled for something
stamina noun	the strength to do something like exercise or work for a long time
training noun	the process of preparing for a sporting event
treadmill noun	a machine that you run on

Lesson 27. Grammar: Complex Sentence
A complex sentence has one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
An independent clause (unlike a dependent clause) can stand alone as a sentence.

Examples of Complex Sentences
Below are examples of complex sentences. In each example, the independent clause is shaded. The dependent clause is unshaded.

• 
  Stay in the bath until the phone rings.
  
• 
  The car swerved to miss Mrs Jackson, who had slipped off the pavement.
  
• 
  Both the cockroach and the bird would get along very well without us, although the cockroach would miss us most. (Joseph Wood Krutch, 1893-1970)
  
• 
  Leave while you can.
  
• 
  When a distinguished but elderly scientist states that something is possible, he is almost certainly right. When he states that something is impossible, he is very probably wrong. (Arthur C. Clarke)
  

(This is two complex sentences.)
A compound-complex sentence has two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.
My father and I went to the movie that I had been wanting to see, and then we went to the restaurant near the theater.
My father and I went to the movie [independent]
+ then we went to the restaurant near the theater [independent]
+ I had been wanting to see that (dependent)
= compound-complex sentence
[My father and I went to the movie] (that I had been wanting to see), and [then we went to the restaurant near the theater.]
Before they were friends, Louisa and Julie knew Aimee, but they didn't realize that they knew her until they met.
Before they were friends (dependent)
+ Louisa and Julie knew Aimee [independent]
+ They didn't realize [independent]
+ that they knew her (dependent)
+ until they met (dependent)
= compound-complex sentence
[(Before they were friends), Louisa and Julie knew Aimee], but [they didn't realize (that they knew her) (until they met).]


III. Lexical and grammar exercises.


Exercise 1. Retelling
HUNTING FOR ANTIQUES

Barbara Hughes and her friend, Teresa lane, have spent most of the day hunting for antiques. Barbara collects vases and lamps. Teresa is interested in antique furniture. The two women have visited about ten antique shops and suddenly Barbara has found the kind of vase that she was looking for. She is pleased because it is not very expensive.

Barbara examines the vase carefully and sees that it is in perfect condition. She has decided that she will buy it to her collection.


Lesson 28 Grammar:. Gerund.
Apendex1
GERUND
(Gerundiy)
GRAMMAR Gerundiy - fe’lning shaxssiz shakli bo’lib, u ham ot, ham fe’l xususiyatiga egadir. Fe’lning bu shakli o’zbek tilidagi –sh, -ish qo’shimchasi qo’shib yasalgan harakat nomiga o’shaydi.
Gerundiy – ish-harakat yoki jarayonning nomini ifodalaydi. Gerundiy fe’l negiziga –ing qo’shimchasi qo’shish orqali yasaladi. Gerundiy ot singari o’zidan oldin egalik olmoshi yoki qaratqich kelishigini, ot orqali ifodalangan aniqlovchi ega bo’lishi mumkin.
I know of your working much.
Men sizning ko’p ishlashingizni bilaman.
Gerundiy predlog bilan ham qo’llanishi mumkin.
He insisted on doing it quickly.
U bu ishni tez bajarishga turib oldi.


Gerundiyning gapdagi vazifalari

Ega Qo’shma kesimning ot qismi Vositali to’ldiruvchi Aniqlovchi (of, for kiyen) Predlogli hol

Reading is useful. Speaking without thinking is shooting without aim. We think of compiling the dictionary. He likes this way of living. After having my breakfast, I’ll go to the Institute.

Esda saqlang:
Gerundiy qo’shma ot tarkibiga kirishi mumkin.
writing-table
reading-room
Qo’yidagi fe’llardan kiyen har doim gerundiy qo’llaniladi.
to complete-tugatmoq
to consider-hisoblamoq, o’ylamoq
to finish-tugatmoq
to mention - eslantmoq
to discuss-muhokama qilmoq
to enjoy-rohatlanmoq
to recommend-tavsiya qilmoq
to regret-afsuslanmoq
to stop-to’xtamoq
to suggest-taklif qilmoq


Quyidagi iboralardan kiyen ham gerundiy ishlatiladi:
can’t help-biror ishni qilmasdan turolmslik
count on - …ga umid qilmoq, mo’lgallamoq
forget about- biror narsani unitmoq
get through-tugatmoq
insist on - …da turib olmoq
keep on – davom ettirmoq
took forward to – sabrsizlik bilan kutmoq


GRAMMAR EXERCISES


Ex.1.Read and translate the following sentences into Uzbek.
1. I like reading scientific articles. 2. Swimming is very pleasant. 3. Speaking English is useful. 4. She began laughing aloud. 5. We are for discussing this article. 6. I don’t want writing now. 7. They discussed the new methods of teaching foreign languages. 8. Before translating the text I look through it and rewrite the new words.


Ex.2 Choose and write the correct word and complete the sentence.

1. 
   (Singing, reading, crying) aloud will help you to improve your pronunciation.
   
2. 
   She is afraid of (jumping, sleeping, swimming) far in the sea.
   
3. 
   The boy was sorry for not (eating, learning, writing) his lesson well.
   
4. 
   Thank you for (coming, fishing, bringing) me this book.
   
5. 
   She is fond of (reading, singing, playing) poems.
   
6. 
   The snow fell heavily and they were tired of (shivering, walking, laughing).
   

Ex.3. Find gerund and define it.

1. 
   We are speaking of your friends having gone to the expedition.
   
2. 
   His being sent to Tashkent was very important for his work.
   
3. 
   The engineer told us about his having been invited to that research institute.
   
4. 
   Nobody knew of their having left for the Far East.
   
5. 
   I remember having seen this film.
   
6. 
   I like reading technical books.
   
7. 
   I don’t like Sobir’s laughing so much.
   

Ex.4. Look at these words. Which are good/positive and which are bad for a businessmen. Put them in the correct column.
Debt, inflation, assets, partner profit, challenge, money, confusion, adaptable, real capital, foreign currency, inherit, property, bankrupt, success, protection, crisis, benefit;


Lesson 29. Text:“British Universities”.
British Universities

'I'here are 46 universities in Britain. But not all universities are equal. They differ from one another in history, tradition, academic organization. Not all British universities are backed by a well-known reputation. Oxford and Cambridge, the oldest universities, are world-known for the oldest universities, are world-known for their academic excellence. The University of London has the size and breadth to rank among the UK top universities. A university usually consist of colleges. The departments of the colleges are organized into faculties.

University reaching in the UK differs greatly at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels from that in many other countries. Аn undergraduate programme consists of a series of lectures, seminary, tutorials and laboratory classes which in total account for about 15 hours per week.
Lectures are given to large groups of students (from 20 to 200). Seminars and tutorials are much smaller than lecture classes and in some departments can be on a one-to-one basis (one member of staff and student). Students prepare work in advance for seminars and tutorials. And this car lake the from of researching a topic for discussion by writing essays or by solving problems.
Universities teach in all major subject areas: arts, science, law engineering, medicine, social sciences. ... University staff are the foreground of knowledge in their subject. Тhe teaching encourages students to learn in the most effective way. University degree courses extend from three to four years. After three years of study university graduate will leave with the Degree of Bachelor of Arts or Science. He can continue to take his Master's Degree and then the Doctor's Degree.


1. Language competition. Look at the text and translate them into your tongue.
2. Answer the question: Who is the head of the government in Great Britain?
3. Continue as the following:

1. (n) a (in many religions) superhuman being or spirit worshipped as xaving power over nature, human fortunes, etc. b image, idol, etc., symbolizing a god. 2. (n) hardy domesticated mammal, with xorns and (in the male) a beard. 3. (n). (pl. geese) 1 a large water-bird with webbed feet and a broad bill. 4. (n). unconstrained talk or writing, esp. about persons or social incidents; idle talk. 5. (US) expressing good wishes on parting, ending a telephone conversation, etc. 6. (n). (pl. same or -es) small reddish-golden Chinese carp. 7. (n). tiny bird with a golden crest. 8. system by which a State is governed

4. Match:




Literature


Lesson 30. “Summer Holidays”.
Teaching technology of the practical lesson on theme “Summer Holidays”.


Apendex1
TEXT 1.
SUMMER HOLIDAYS

After each term in school we had our holidays. It's fun to have holidays, you can do whatever you like, you don't have to get up too early, do your homework or think of troubles which occur very often at school. Most of all I liked summer holidays, they were the longest ones, though, when winter was snowy and frosty, I enjoyed my winter holidays skating and skiing, sledging and making a snowman or having a fight with snowballs. I'd like to tell you about my summer holidays I spent in Sochi. It was just three years ago. My parents and me were sitting in the living-room discussing our plans for the summer holidays. My father suggested that we should go to Sochi.

On hearing that I jumped up with joy and said it was a wonderful idea. My mother wasn't against the idea either. So one summer morning we started for our journey to Sochi.
First, we travelled to Odessa by plane and from there we got to Sochi by boat. We stayed in Odessa for three days, our relatives live there and they gave us board and lodging. So we had an excellent opportunity to go round the city, to see beautiful monuments to the famous people who had lived in Odessa, museums and the Odessa Opera House. We enjoyed our trip from Odessa to Sochi. The Black Sea was calm. We sat on deck in the lounge chairs and looked at the sea. I like Sochi very much, we bathed and went boating and swimming, lay in the sun on the beach. In the evenings we went for a walk or dropped in at a cafe to have ice-cream or juice. My father showed us the famous Botanical Gardens, we went for hikes in the mountains, we saw the magnificent Augur a Waterfalls.
The sea was nice and warm. The weather was fine. When it was time to go home, we were sorry to leave the marvellous town of Sochi.


TEXT 2.
American Holidays

American holidays are various in character. Some of them are religious and some are connected with American history. American holidays are almost always celebrated by gathering together family and friends. There are often traditional meals. There are ten main holidays in the USA. They are:

1. New Year. New Year's Eve is celebrated on December 31. At midnight, bells ring, xorns blow and friends exchange xugs and kisses.
2. Valentine's Day. On February 14, or St. Valentine's Day, people in America remind the people who are impor­tant to them that they are loved. Xusbands and wives, parents and children, children and teachers give each other cards and candy that show how they really feel.
3. Easter. Easter is a religious holiday that comes on a Sunday between March 22 and April 25. Christians believe that Christ rose from the dead on Easter. Other people cel­ebrate Easter as a sign of the coming of spring. Americans paint eggs pretty colours and give them as gifts to children. According to tradition, a rabbit called the "Easter Bunny" brings the eggs and xides them for children to find.
4. Memorial or Decoration Day. This holiday comes on May 30 and is dedicated to the servicemen who gave their lives in past wars. Schools, clubs and churches decorate cemeteries and hold memorial services. They xang American flags on the main streets of towns.
5. The Fourth of July (Independence Day). This is the biggest national holiday of the USA. It is celebrated as the birthday of the country, because on this day in 1776, the colonies declared their independence from the British Crown and became the United States of America.
6. Labour Day. This is the holiday dedicated to the Ameri­can working class and comes on the first Monday of Sep­tember.
7. Xalloween. October 31 is a day when people, mostly children, dress up in costumes, enjoy parties, and collect candy from their neighbours. On this day many people hollow out a pumpkin, carve a face into it and place a candle inside.
8. Veterans’ Day. This holiday comes on November 11.
9. Thanksgiving Day. This holiday comes on the fourth Thursday in November and is a national holiday too. It is the day for being thanksful for what one has and for the harvest.
10. Christmas. Christmas is a religious celebration. It is celebrated on december 25 as the birthday of Christ.
There are many other holidays that almost everyone in the USA celebrates. Among them are St. Patricks Day, Mother’s Day, Father’s Day and April Fool’s Day.
1. Language competition. Look at the text and translate them into your tongue.
2. Answer the questions.

1. 
   Which American holidays are religious?
   
2. 
   What role does food play in different American holidays?
   
3. 
   What are the important family holidays?
   
4. 
   On what holidays do people give each other things?
   
5. 
   On what holidays would you most expect to see American flafs?
   
6. 
   Which holidays is celebrated on the same day in the United States and Uzbekistan?