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(from the Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language by David Crystal)
The table ‘The Teaching Staff
British
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American
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Russian
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Professor
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Full professor
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Reader
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Associate professor
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Assistant professor
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Distribute the given words into two groups: a) words that are used in American English; b) words that are used in British English. Pay special attention to their meanings.
Model: bill (for meal payment) - 'a list of things eaten showing the total amount that must be paid'. - The word bill is used in British English.
tuxedo - 'a man's dinner jacket'; 2. bill (for meal payment) - 'a list of things eaten showing the total amount that must be paid'; 3. pram - 'a fourwheeled carriage for a baby, pushed by a person on foot'; 4. zip code - 'a postal code consisting of five or nine digits'; 5. chemist - 'a person who is authorized to dispense medicine drugs'; 6. vacation - 'an extended period of recreation, especially one spent away from home or in traveling'; 7. period - 'a punctuation mark (.) used at the end of a sentence or an abbreviation'; 8. tram - 'a passenger vehicle powered by electricity conveyed by overhead cables, and running on rails laid in a public road'; 9. apartment building - 'a large building containing many apartments'; 10. dustbin - 'a container for household refuse, especially one kept outside'; 11. motorway - 'a dual-carriageway road designed for fast traffic, with relatively few places forjoining or leaving'; 12. gasoline - 'a liquid obtained especially from petroleum, used mainly for producing power in the engines of cars, aircraft, etc.'; 13. trolley (for shopping) - 'a low two-wheeled or four-wheeled cart or vehicle, especially one pushed by hand'.
Give analogous oppositions in the other variant of English to the words from exercise 9.
Model: bill - The analogous opposition to the British English word bill is the American English word check.
Translate the following words and word-combinations giving both the British and American variant.
Model: подземный переход BrE subway - AmE underpass (tunnel).
Первый этаж, железная дорога, лифт, переезд, автомобиль, бой (сражение), газетный киоскер, очередь, продавец, государственная школа, каникулы, бензин, вата, осень, детская коляска, плащ, метро, консервная банка, справочное бюро, пакет, кувшин, студент II курса, III курса, IV курса, чемодан, бумажник, печенье, жилет, две недели, катушка (ниток), каша, почтальон, тачка, шашки, радио, салфетка, пляж, антракт (в театре).
Give the English spelling of the following words:
Thru, humor, bark, quartet, apologize, center, luster, pretense, inflexion, jewelry, quarreled, woolen, harbor, pijamas, gipsy, program.
State the source and meaning of the following words of Indian origin:
Squash, toboggan, hammock; Connecticut, Ohio, Tennessee, Mississippi, Mohawk, Idaho, Massachusetts, Oklahoma, Wyoming; Illinois, Arkansas.
Comment on the etymology of the following words:
Woodoo, banjo, canoe, hoodoo, pickaninny.
Do the crossword.
Across:
a raised paved or asphalted path for pedestrians at the side of a road (BrE).
a long narrow sled used for the sport of coasting downhill over snow or ice. It typically is made of a lightweight board that is curved upward and backward at the front. Origin: early 19th cent.: from Canadian French tabaganne, from Micmac topagan 'sled'.
a printed form on which you write an amount of money and who it is to be paid to (British spelling).
to cover or overlay with or as with a crust or hard coating (American spelling).
they use to call their people so.
a distinctive smell, especially an unpleasant one (British spelling).
9 a raised paved or asphalted path for pedestrians at the side of a road (AmE).
protection, guarding, security (American spelling).
a thread or filament from which a vegetable tissue, mineral substance, or textile is formed (American spelling).
the ability to make considered decisions or come to sensible conclusions (British spelling).
Down:
1 a complete list of items, typically one in alphabetical or other systematic order (British spelling).
4 an area or building where people can leave their cars (AmE).
a change in the form of a word (typically the ending) to express a grammatical function or attribute such as tense, mood, person, number, case, and gender (British spelling).
10 an electric torch (BrE).
causing great wonder; extraordinary (British spelling).
Trace the etymology of thefollowing Australian words. Give their equivalents.
Mooloogool, Pannawonica, banksia, brush, galah, bush, bushman, bushranger.
Give equivalents on the British English.
Beaut, biggie, cobber, Sheila, dinkum, crook, drongo, pommy, weekender, footpath, frock, paddock.
Give equivalents for the following Canadian words.
Chesterfield, kayak, parka, kerosene, skookum, first nations, bannock.
Give equivalents for the following South African words. Which of them entered Standard English?
Kraal, arvey, bioscope, commando, trek, bell, apartheid, camp, gogga, butchery, homeland, dorp, putu.
Theme 19
DIALECTAL VARIATIONS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
“Radio and television speech becomes standardized,perhaps
better English than we have ever used. Just as our bread, mixed
and baked, packaged and sold without benefit of accident
of human frailty, is uniformly good and uniformly tasteless,
so willbur speech become one speech”.
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