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// What exactly does this mean?

Employee X = new Employee();

In this example, the only real purpose of the Employee base class is to define common members

for all subclasses. In all likelihood, you did not intend anyone to create a direct instance of this

class, reason being that the Employee type itself is too general of a concept. For example, if I were to

walk up to you and say, “I’m an employee!” I would bet your very first question to me would be,

“What 

kind of employee are you?” (a consultant, trainer, admin assistant, copy editor, White House

aide, etc.).

Given that many base classes tend to be rather nebulous entities, a far better design for our

example is to prevent the ability to directly create a new Employee object in code. In C#, you can

enforce this programmatically by using the abstract keyword, thus creating an abstract base class: