Reading passages

288- It is pointed out in the passage that the Black Sea flooded the land around it ------- .
A) until all the ice at the poles had melted
B) and thus the Bosphorus was formed
C) as it was cut off from the Mediterranean
D) when the last ice age peaked 12,000 years ago
E) at a rate of a mile a day
Mr. Mellon senior was a successful businessman whose golden touch gave him a grip on much of American industry, covering power, mining, civil engineering and insurance. The son, Paul Mellon, was a very different sort of person, but no less remarkable than his father. His achievement was that he managed to dispose of more money and goods than any other American of his time, but did it an unobtrusive and well-regarded way. Some capitalists of the 19th century, particularly Andrew" Carnegie and John Rockefeller, pioneered American philanthropy. Carnegie said the same aggressive energy that had made a capitalist rich should be used to return his profits to society. The man who died rich, died disgraced, Carnegie claimed. Without necessarily agreeing with such strictures, Paul Mellon set out to redistribute some of his wealth. Both men thought that what America needed was culture. Carnegie had favoured public libraries and Mr. Mellon went for public art galleries.
289- The author points out that Mellon senior made the money and that Mellon junior disposed of it, ------- .
A) so it is Mellon senior who is to be blamed
B) but that the achievement of each was equally great
C) which accounts for the tension between the two men
D) but that both men were primarily interested in culture
E) he is therefore very critical of Mellon Junior's behaviour
290- As we can infer from the passage, Carnegie was of the opinion that ------- .
A) his father should have been more philanthropic
B) the capitalist system was not wrong at all
C) the best expression of a nation's culture was its art galleries
D) the same energy that makes a man rich should be employed for the benefit of society
E) Rockefeller was the first and the greatest of the American philanthropists