Náležitosti

2.2.3 Sound Changes 
 
In David Crystal´s view “The process of producing connected speech affects the 
pronunciation of several segments 
[
vowels and consonants
]
in a number of interesting 
ways.” (2002, 247) They are: 
Assimilation - is a process of simplification in which sounds belonging to one word 
cause changes in sounds belonging to the neighbouring words in rapid, casual speech. 
In Peter MacCarthy´s view, this device has been developed due to the tendency to 
economise effort. (2000,101) In practice, either one sound changes to another because 
of the sound that follows (´anticipatory assimilation´) or two sounds combine to form a 

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different one (´coalescent assimilation´). For example: good boy = /g
Ț
Ț
Ț
Ț
b b
ǤǺ
/ (Roach 
2000, 141) 
Elision - another type of simplification to follow the tendency to economise effort 
during fluent speaking so that regular speech rhythm and speed could be maintained. 
(Kelly 2000, 110) This term is used to describe cases when “unstressed syllables are not 
reduced to schwa sound, but instead, they are completely dropped.” (Hagen and Grogan 
1992, 9) For example: ´favourite – f
Ȝ
Ȝ
Ȝ
Ȝ
v´r
Ǻ
t
ə
;
general – ge n´r
ə
l; probably – pr
Ǣ
´bly´
Linking and Intrusion - are special cases between one sound and the sounds 
immediately preceding and following it, in which these sounds are linked in various 
ways. (Kelly 2000, 111) 
Linking – Roach suggests, “The most familiar case is the use of ´linking r´. For 
example ´here are´ - ´h
ǺǺǺǺ
ə
r
 
ə
´
....
(Roach 2000, 144) Another example is suggested by 
Gerald Kelly “When a word ends in /I: /, or a diphthong which finishes with/I/, speakers 
often introduce a sound /j/ to ease the transition to a following vowel sound.” (2000, 
111) This situation is called ´linking j´. For example: I agree /
aaaa
Ǻ