METHODS
Overview of Scale Evaluation Procedures
Hatcher (1994) cautions that using the same data for both EFA and CFA methods may lead to a final
measurement model that not able to be generalized to other samples or population. The EFA was first performed
using the first half sample, and the unidimensionality of each factor structure obtained from the EFA was validated
using the second half via the CFA in structural equation modeling (SEM). CFA provides a more rigorous
interpretation of dimensionality than does EFA. Besides dimensionality, CFA provides evidences of scale reliability,
convergent, discriminant, and cross validity (Kline, 1998).
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