Media va kommunikatsiya fakulteti xalqaro jurnalistika kafedrasi jurnalistika va ommaviy kommunikatsiya asoslari fanidan

3.3. ABC

11-rasm. ABC
American Broadcasting Company (ABC) — Amerika tijorat televideniyesi tarmogʻi boʻlib, The Walt Disney Company kompaniyasining ABC Entertainment Group boʻlimining asosiy mulki boʻlib xizmat qiladi. Tarmoq shtab-kvartirasi Kaliforniyaning Burbank shahrida, Riverside Drive ko'chasida, to'g'ridan-to'g'ri Walt Disney Studios ko'chasida va Roy E. Disney animatsion binosiga ulashgan. Tarmoqning ikkilamchi ofislari va uning yangiliklar bo'limining bosh qarorgohi Nyu-York shahrida, Manxettenning yuqori g'arbiy tomonidagi 77 West 66th ko'chasidagi radioeshittirish markazida joylashgan.
2007-yildan boshlab, ABC Radio (shuningdek, Cumulus Media Networks nomi bilan ham tanilgan) Citadel Broadcasting-ga sotilgandan beri, ABC o'zining eshittirish operatsiyalarini deyarli faqat televizorga qisqartirdi. Bu dunyodagi eng qadimgi beshinchi yirik radioeshittirish tarmog'I va Amerikaning Katta uchlik televizion tarmoqlarining eng yoshi. ABC "Alifbo tarmog'i" laqabini oladi, chunki uning boshlang'ich belgisi ingliz alifbosining birinchi uchta harfini ham ifodalaydi.

12-rasm. ABC logotipi
ABC radio tarmog'i sifatida 1943 yilda Edvard J. Nobl tomonidan sotib olingan NBC Blue Network vorisi sifatida ishga tushirilgan. U o'z faoliyatini 1948 yilda CBS va NBC va unchalik mashhur bo'lmagan DuMont teleradiokompaniyalari ortidan televideniyeda kengaytirdi. 1950-yillarning oʻrtalarida ABC ilgari Paramount Pictures shoʻba korxonasi sifatida faoliyat yuritgan United Paramount Theaters (UPT) kinoteatrlar tarmogʻi bilan birlashdi. UPT rahbari bo'lgan Leonard Goldenson ko'plab muvaffaqiyatli seriallarni ishlab chiqish va yoritishga yordam berish orqali yangi televizion tarmoqni foydali qildi. 1980-yillarda ESPN kabel sport kanalining 80 foiz ulushini sotib olgandan so'ng, tarmoqning korporativ ota-onasi American Broadcasting Companies, Inc. bir nechta bosma nashrlar va televidenie va radiostansiyalar egasi Capital Cities Communications bilan birlashdi. Capital Cities/ABC aktivlarining aksariyati Disney tomonidan 1995 yilda sotib olingan.
Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari va uning hududlarida ABC sakkizta egalik qiladi va boshqaradi va 230 dan ortiq sho''ba telestansiyalariga ega. Ba'zi ABC-ga tegishli stansiyalarni Kanadada pullik televidenie provayderlari orqali ham ko'rish mumkin va ba'zi boshqa filiallarni Kanada-Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari chegarasi yaqinidagi hududlarda havo orqali qabul qilish mumkin, ammo uning asosiy dasturlari bir vaqtning o'zida amalga oshiriladi. Kanada Radio-televideniye va telekommunikatsiyalar komissiyasi (CRTC) tomonidan mahalliy tarmoqlarga tegishli huquqlarni himoya qilish uchun o'rnatilgan pullik televidenie provayderlarini almashtirish qoidalari. ABC News Cumulus Mediaga tegishli tanlangan radiostansiyalar uchun yangiliklar va xususiyatlar kontentini taqdim etadi, chunki bu stansiyalar ABC Radiosining sobiq mulki hisoblanadi.

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