Low Power Wide Area Networks (lpwan): Technology Review And Experimental Study on Mobility Effect

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Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) Technology Review And Exper

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• OVERVIEW OF LORAWAN

>10 byte	Up to 20 bytes	>10 byte	12 bytes	Used Defined
7991 bytes to 65535 bytes
Governing Body	Weightless SIG	Weightless SIG	Weightless SIG	Sigfox	LoRa Alliance	IEE 802.11 working group
Topology	Star	Star	Star	Star	Star of Star	Star and Tree

Table 7: LPWAN standard comparison [29].

5. OVERVIEW OF LORAWAN

In this section, we discuss the general characteristics of LoraWAN and the procedure of creating a LoraWAN network. We also discuss the key parameters that were used for this research. We provide more details on LoRaWAN as we used this LPWAN standard for our experimental study.

1. LORA

LoRa is a physical layer LPWAN technology developed and patented by Semtech Corporation [54]. LoRa uses its proprietary spread spectrum modulation technique [55] and operates in a Sub-GHz Industrial Scientific and Medical (EU 433MHz & 868MHz, Asia 430MHz and US 915MHz). LoRa uses a technique called chirp spread spectrum (CSS) which spreads a narrow band signal onto a wider bandwidth which helps to achieve the bidirectional communication. Since the signal is spread around the noise floor it is difficult to be detected by intruders and they are unable to differentiate between the actual signal and the noise [51].

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