Integrated Wireless-pon access Network Architectures Milos Milosavljevic

Enhancement band for gigabit capable optical access networks [38] 

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Chapter 2 Next Generation Access Networks 
28 
2.3.3 Broadband Wireless Standards Enhancements 
From the wireless prospective, with the advancement of state-of-the-art signal processing, 
coding and multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna techniques, amendments to the 
existing standards have been proposed to further extend the coverage and the capacity with 
enhanced QoS provisioning. Towards this direction, the WiMAX 802.16 working group has 
started development of the IEEE802.16m standard, promising to deliver twice the performance 
gain over baseline 802.16d/e standards in various measures such as sector throughput, average 
user throughput and peak data rates through the use of MIMO technologies [49, 50].
To further improve signal to interference ratios and consequently increase coverage and 
capacity at the cell edges, the IEEE802.16j task group has also developed amendments to 
extend the 802.16e to support multihop relay operation [51]. In this scenario a remote base 
station, typically placed at the cell edge, is used to aid communication from base station to 
mobile station and vice versa [52].
Additionally, since access to spectrum below 1000 MHz for broadband wireless services would 
enable more cost-effective deployments, the ultra high frequency (UHF) band from 470 MHz to 
862 MHz, often referred to as the 700 MHz band, has been considered as future band of 
operation for WiMAX service providers [53, 54]. Due to the low path loss, better building 
penetration and low Doppler shift at these frequency bands further range and capacity 
enhancements are expected. 
2.3.4 Integration of Optical and Wireless Access Networks 
Having considered the requirements outlined so far in this thesis and the individual network 
developments it can be safely concluded that NG access networks would benefit from the 
integration of PON connections, with wireless terminations. Figure 2-6 [2, 19] portrays a 
scenario where a PON provides a wireless backhaul of mobile standards, such as WiMAX and 

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