Working paper gpts are gpts: An Early Look at the Labor Market Impact

Document Outline

• 1 Introduction
• 2 Literature Review
  • 2.1 The Advancement of Large Language Models
  • 2.2 The Economic Impacts of Automation Technologies
• 3 Methods and Data Collection
  • 3.1 Data on Activities and Tasks Performed by Occupation in the US
  • 3.2 Data on Wages, Employment, and Demographics
  • 3.3 Exposure
  • 3.4 Limitations of our methodology
    • 3.4.1 Subjective human judgments
    • 3.4.2 Measuring LLMs with GPT-4
    • 3.4.3 Additional Weaknesses
• 4 Results
  • 4.1 Summary Statistics
  • 4.2 Wages and Employment
  • 4.3 Skill Importance
  • 4.4 Barriers to Entry
    • 4.4.1 Typical Education Needed for Entry
• 5 Validation of Measures
  • 5.1 Comparison to Earlier Efforts
• 6 Discussion
  • 6.1 GPTs as a General-Purpose Technology
  • 6.2 Implications for US Public Policy
  • 6.3 Limitations and Future Work
• 7 Conclusion
  • 7.1 LLM Conclusion (GPT-4's Version)
  • 7.2 LLM Conclusion (Author-Augmented Version)
• A Rubric
  • A.1 Exposure
• B O*NET Basic Skills Definitions
• C Education
• D Industrial and Productivity Exposure
• E Occupations Without Any Exposed Tasks