Work of an In-patient Department

35. The Alimentary Tract.
The alimentary tract is a musculomembraneous canal about 8,5 m.(metres) in length. It extends from the oral cavity to the anus. It consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach,small intestine and large intestine.The liver with gallbladder and pancreas are the large glands of the alimentary tract.
The first division of the alimentary tract is formed by the mouth.Important structures of the mouth are the teeth and the tongue, which is the organ of taste (таъм билиш).The soft and hard palates and the salivary glands are also in the oral cavity.
From the mouth food passes through the pharynx to the esophagus and then to the stomach.
The stomach is a dilated portion of the alimentary canal. It is in the upper part of the abdomen under the diaphragm. It measures about 21-25 cm in length, 8-9 cm in its greatest diameter. It has capacity of from 2.14 to 4.28 litres.
The small intestine is a thin-walled muscular tube about 6.5 metres long. It is located in the lower and central portions of the abdominal and pelvic cavities.The small intestine is composed of the duodenum,jejunum and ileum.
The large intestine is about 1.5 metres long. It is divided into caecum, colon and rectum.
The liver is the largest gland in the human body. It is in the right upper part of the abdominal cavity under the diaphragm.The liver is in the right side of the abdomen.The weight of the liver is 1,500 gr.
The gallbladder is a hollow sac (копча) lying on the lower surface of the liver.
The pancreas is a long thin gland lying under and behind the stomach.
36. The Viscera
Although they are often called by a single name, the viscera, the organs that fill the body's chest and abdominal cavities compose several different systems - respiratory, digestive and urogenital , which together provide the body with food and oxygen and remove wastes (чикинди махсулотлари).
The trachea and lungs are parts of the respiratory system, which delivers oxygen to the blood. The lungs consist of millions of elastic membraneous sacs which together can hold about as much air as a football.
The organs of the digestive system most prominent ones are: the stomach, the large and small intestines and the liver. They modify foods which the body takes in. The soft, reddish-brown liver, the largest gland in the body, plays hundreds of roles, from producing proteins to secreting bile.
The bladder is part of the urinary system, which regulates the body's water supply. The kidneys, located behind the stomach and liver, filter out wastes and pass them along to the bladder for storage (йигилиш) and discharge.