Wimax standards and Security The Wimax

partitioned networks, mesh network addressing, 164–165
path loss approximation
signal-aware mechanisms, 134–136 WiMAX system performance, 95–97
payload encription, AES-CCM system, 224–226
penetration loss, propagation environments, 87–90
perform ranging code, paging operation, 124 Personal Computer Memory Card
International Association (PCMCIA) network access, cellular networks, 10–11

physical layer (PHY) specifications certification, 179–180
IEEE 802.16-2004 standard, 23–24, 206
frame structure, 209–210
IEEE 802.16e-2005 standard, 28–29 IEEE 802 standards, 4–5
jamming and scrambling threats, 232–233
MAC layer, 25–26
MAC PDU transmission, 39–40
mesh networking, IEEE 802.16 standard, 150–151
MPDU transmission, uplink timing and allocations, 40
network security properties, 198–199 plugfest testing of, 184–187
security threats to, 226
plugfest testing for WiMAX systems, 183–189
3rd test architecture, 184–186 5th architecture, 187–189
test plan, 186–187
point-of-presence (POP), mesh networking, network schematic, 148–150
point to multiple point (PMP) topology media access (MAC) layer
connection establishment and maintenance, 47–49
MPDU retransmission scheme, 40–41 network entry and initialization, 47 overview, 36–37
PDU composition, 38–39
PDU transmission, 39–40
quality-of-service, 49–51
service implementation schemes, 42–47
services and parameters, 41–42 WiMAX standardization, 212–213
mesh networking
user end-to-end security, 170–171 WiMAX standardization for, 214
WiMAX support for, 207–209
point-to-point (P2P) topology, WiMAX support for, 207–209
polling process, media access (MAC) layer, request transmission, 45–46
power down update, 124
power level control, transmitter testing for, 189–190
power management, IEEE 802.16e-2005 standard, 29–30
mobility support, 105–109
power-saving class (PSC) categories, mobility support functions and, 105–109
predicted handover scheme (PHS) handover operations, association levels,
132–133
mobile subscriber stations mobility prediction, 136–138
sequence diagram, 138–141 primary security associations, WiMAX
system, 215–216
privacy key management (PKM) protocol authorization and AK exchange, 220–221 MAC protocol data units (MPDUs),
231–232
mesh networking security, 168–169 network entry/reentry, handover
operations, 118
privacy sublayers, 27–28
version 1, 234–240
version 2, 240–244
WiMAX security system and, 199–203 authorization and AK exchange,
220–221
components of, 219–220
overview, 215
privacy sublayer, IEEE 802.16 standard, 27–28 private branch exchange (PBX), voice over
Internet protocol (VoIP), 129–131
propagation environments characteristics, 84–87
fixed broadband access, 83–84 in-building penetration, 87–90
link budgets, 84
modeling of, 81–83
proprietary solutions, standardization vs.,
20–21
protocol analyzer (PA), WiMAX Forum development of, 183
protocol data units (PDUs)
media access control (MAC) layer, 210–212
media access (MAC) layer composition, 38–39
point to multiple point (PMP) topology, 36–37
transmission, 39–40
protocol implementation conformance indicators (PICS)
abstract test suite, 182–183
WiMAX conformance testing, 177–178 provisioned service flows, media access
(MAC) layer, 50
public safety bands, WiMAX performance evaluation, 81

Q
quality-of-service (QoS) levels circuit-switching network, 60
definition, 58–60
IEEE 802.16e-2005 standard, 29 IEEE 802.16 standard
admission control simulation, 69–72 basic operation, 62–63
point to multipoint protocol, 26–27 scheduling simulation, 72–74
service classes, 65–67
service flow, 64–65 media access (MAC) layer
IEEE 802.16 standards, 49–51 protocol data unit composition, 38–39 services provisions and parameters,
41–42
mesh network addressing, 165 convergence sublayer, 165–167
network security properties, 198–199 packet-switched network, 60–61
performance metrics, 59–60 request and grant controls, 59–60 scheduling policy, 60
traffic shaping, 59–60 wide area networks, 58–59
WiMAX Forum certification, 182 WiMAX standardization for, 214–215
wireless LAN and IEEE 802.11e standard, 61–62


R
radio conformance
functionality and performance testing, 178 testing and measurements, 189–193
constellation error, 190 nonspecified transmitter
measurements, 191–192 power level control, 189–190 receiver tests, 192
spectral flatness, 190
spectral mask, 190–191
test specifications, abstract test suite, 182 radiofrequency (RF) parameters, plugfest
testing of, 184–187
radio parameters analysis and modeling, WiMAX system performance, 93–97
ranging procedures, handover operations, 117
real-time polling service (rtPS) IEEE 802.16e-2005 standard, 29
IEEE 802.16 quality-of-service standard, 65–66
scheduling, 68–69 media access (MAC) layer
services provisions and parameters, 42 uplink scheduling, 43
real-time variable rate (RT-VR) connections, power-saving mechanisms, 107–108
received signal strength indicator (RSSI) network topology acquisition, neighbor
BS scanning, 109–111 WiMAX system performance, 93–97
receiver testing, protocols for, 192 regulatory type testing, unit under test
verification, 117–178
relative constellation error (RCE), transmitter testing, 190
Relay Task Group, IEEE 802.16j standard, 33 release testing, WiMAX Forum certification,
182
rendevous time, network topology acquisition, association procedure, 114
REP-REQ message, predicted handover scheme, 138–141
request transmission schemes
IEEE 802.16 quality-of-service standard, 67
media access (MAC) layer, 45–47
Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA)/X.509 digital certification, MAC layer security, 233–234
round trip delay (RTD), network topology acquisition, neighbor BS scanning, 109–111


S
scalable-OFDMA
IEEE 802.16e-2005 standard, 28–29 single carrier (SC) physical layer (PHY)
specifications, 209–210
scanning procedures, handover operations, 117
scheduling protocols
mesh networking, 149–150 WiMAX operating modes, 208–209
scheduling services
IEEE 802.16 quality-of-service standard, 67–68
simulation, 72–74
MAC functions in PMP topology, 41–42 scheduling subframe, mesh networking,
TDMA framing and transmission timing, 152–154

scrambling threats, WiMAX security, 232–233 security analysis for WiMAX systems
advanced security issues, 244 AES encryption, 223–226
authentication coding, 217–218 authorization and AK exchange, 220–221 authorization vulnerability, 227
data encryption protocols, 222–226 DES encryption, 222–223
extensible authentication protocol, 219 key management, 227
network properties, 198–199
nonline-of-sight mobile systems, 232–234 overview, 197–198
privacy and key management, 219–222 privacy key management (PKM) protocol,
version 1, 234–236
security association architecture, 199–203, 215–217
TEK exchange, 221–222
threat analysis, 226–227
X.509 certificates, 218–219
security associated identifiers (SAIDs) mesh networking security, 169–171 WiMAX security system, 200–203
data SA contents, 216–217
security associations (SAs), WiMAX security system, 200–203
primary, static and dynamic classifications, 215–217
security issues, mesh networking, 168–171 service data units (SDUs), media access
(MAC) layer, composition, 38–39 service flows, media access (MAC) layer,
quality-of-service (QoS) levels, 50–51
service set identity (SSID), IEEE 802.11 standard, 7–8
serving base station (SBS) handover procedures, 130–131
predicted handover scheme, 138–141 signal-aware mechanisms, measurement of,
134–136
signal prediction priority queueing (SPPQ), handover procedures, 130–131
signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
signal-aware mechanisms, 134–136 WiMAX system performance, 97–99 simulation handover model, development
and results from, 141–143 single carrier (SC) physical layer (PHY)
specifications, IEEE 802.16
standard, 209–210
sleep mode operations, mobility support functions and, 104
power management, 105–109 space time coding, IEEE 802.16-2004
standard, 24
spatial division multiple access (SDMA),
IEEE 802.16e-2005 standard, 28–29 spectral flatness, transmitter testing for, 190 spectral mask, transmitter testing, 190–191 spurious signals, transmitter measurements,
192
standardization
proprietary solutions vs., 20–21
WiMAX Forum development of, 206–207 state transitions, mesh networking, 163–164 static security associations, WiMAX system,
215–216
subscriber stations (SSs)
IEEE 802.16 quality-of-service standard, admission control simulation, 69–72
media access (MAC) layer
bandwidth allocation requests and grants, 44–45
PDU transmission, 39–40 point to multiple point (PMP)
topology, 36–37, 212–213 network security properties, 198–199
synchronization protocols, mesh networking, entry and reentry, 161–162
system performance evaluation
capacity functionality and performance testing, 178
data rates, 90–92
experimental data, 92
radio parameters analysis and modeling, 93–97
throughput measurements, 97–99
trial data, 92–93
system profiles, interoperability and certification testing, 180–183
system under test (SUT)
3rd plugfest test architecture, 184–187 5th plugfest testing, 187–189


T
target base station (TBS)
handover operations, association levels, 131–133
predicted handover scheme, 138–141 technology family, functionality and
performance testing, 178 termination procedures, handover
operations, 117 testing for WiMAX systems
abstract test suite, 182–183

certification testing, 178–179
challenges, 183
conformance testing, 177–178, 189–193
overview, 176–177
plugfest testing, 183–189
3rd test architecture, 184–186 5th architecture, 187–189
test plan, 186–187
radio conformance testing, 189–193 receiver tests, 192
system profiles, 179–182
certification profiles, 181 forum certification process, 182
transmitter
constellation error, 190
nonspecified measurements, 191–192 power level control, 189–190
spectral flatness, 190
spectral mask, 190–191
test purposes (TP), abstract test suite, 182–183 test suit structure, abstract test suite, 182–183 3rd plugfest test architecture, configurations
for, 184–187
third-generation partnership project (3GPP), cellular networks, 8–11
throughput performance, 15–16 WiMAX system performance, 97–99
time division duplex (TDD), MPDU transmission, 39–40
time division multiple access (TDMA) cellular networks, 8–11
IEEE 802.16-2004 standard and, 25–26
MAC layer, 25–26 mesh networking
entry and synchronization, 161–162 framing and transmission timing,
152–154
IEEE 802.16 standard, 150–162 WiMAX security threats, 234
time division multiplexing (TDM) slots, mesh networking, 150–162
time update, locations, 124
tolerated jitter, IEEE 802.16 quality-of-service standard, 67
traffic encryption key (TEK) management of, 227
mesh networking, 169–170 network entry/reentry, handover
operations, 118
privacy key management version 1, 237–238
WiMAX security system, 200–203 privacy and authorization, 221–222 security associations and, 216–217
transmission opportunities
media access (MAC) layer, contention resolution, 46–47
mesh networking
data channels, 159–161 distributed election scheduling
broadcast channels, 155–157 TDMA framing and transmission
timing, 153–154 transmission scheduling, mesh logical
channels, 154–161
basic channel, 154
best effort broadcast channel, 158 data channels, 158–161
distributed election scheduling broadcast channels, 154–157
tree-based scheduling broadcast channel, 157–158
transmitter testing constellation error, 190
nonspecified measurements, 191–192 power level control, 189–190
spectral flatness, 190
spectral mask, 190–191
tree-based scheduling broadcast channels, mesh networking, 157–158
trial data, WiMAX system performance, 92–93
type/length/value (TLV) encoding, power-saving mechanisms, 108–109


U
UL-MAP scanning and association, handover operations, 117
unicast data connections, mesh networking, 163–164
unified modeling language (UML) class,
WiMAX security and, 197–198 unit under test (UUT), WiMAX conformance
testing, 177–178
unlicensed spectrum, WiMAX performance evaluation, 80
unsolicited grant service (UGS) IEEE 802.16e-2005 standard, 29
IEEE 802.16 quality-of-service standard, 65
admission control simulation, 69–72 scheduling, 67–68
media access (MAC) layer
services provisions and parameters, 42 uplink scheduling, 42–43
mobility support, power-saving mechanisms, 105–109

uplink channel descriptor (UCD), network topology advertisement, 109
uplink map (UL-MAP), media access (MAC) layer, point to multiple point (PMP) topology, 213
uplink scheduling scheme
IEEE 802.16 quality-of-service standard, simulation, 72–74
media access (MAC) layer, 42–44 uplink timing and allocations, MPDU
transmission, 40
user end-to-end security, mesh networking, 170–171