What is the difference between descriptive and prescriptive types of grammar?

Questions

1. 
   What is the difference between descriptive and prescriptive types of grammar?
   
2. 
   What is the aim of Universal Grammar?
   
3. 
   How do syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations differ from each other?
   
4. 
   Define the concept of a morpheme. Classification of morphemes.
   
5. 
   How do notional parts of speech differ from the functional ones?
   
6. 
   What are semantic features of nouns in a sentence?
   
7. 
   What are syntactic functions of nouns in a sentence?
   
8. 
   Describe the existing approaches to the case system of the English noun.
   
9. 
   Comment on the morphological features of adjectives.
   
10. 
    Syntactic functions of adverb in the sentence.
    
11. 
    Characterize the properties of the verb as a part of speech.
    
12. 
    Comment on the main peculiarities of the finite and non- finite forms of the verb.
    
13. 
    What features characterize the gerund?
    
14. 
    Grammatical category. Grammatical meaning. Grammatical form.
    
15. 
    Practical Grammar and Theoretical Grammar.
    
16. 
    Syntactic connections (all types).
    
17. 
    Morphology (parts of speech).
    
18. 
    Types of word-form derivation (synthetic types, analytical types, suppletive formations).
    
19. 
    Composite sentences.
    
20. 
    Morphological categories of the pronouns.
    
21. 
    The verb and its morphological categories.
    
22. 
    What is the difference between Gerund and Participle I?
    
23. 
    The adverb and its morphological categories.
    
24. 
    The infinitive and its constructions.
    
25. 
    The structural types of sentences.
    
26. 
    The complex sentence.
    
27. 
    The complex sentence as a polypredicative construction. Types of subordinate clauses.
    
28. 
    Prepositions and conjunctions as parts of speech and their semantic types.