What do you know about soft currency?

What is money?
Money is means of payment and medium of exchange. People use money for buying and selling goods and services. Money can be cash and non-cash. Banknotes and coins are cash. Plastic cards, money transfer and e-money are non-cash. The Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan issues money in our country.
What do you know about soft currency?
Currency is a unit of money used in a certain country. Currency can be national and foreign, hard and soft. For example, Uzbek soum is our national currency, and Russian rouble and USD are foreign currencies. Currency can be hard and soft. Hard currencies are stronger and more stable than soft currencies.
What are securities?
Securities are valuable papers which can bring profit to their owner. Securities can be shares, bonds and derivatives. Shares are usually issued by joint-stock companies and can be ordinary shares and preference shares. Bonds are issued by the government when they have debt. Securities are traded on the Stock Exchange.
What do you know about taxes?
Taxes are compulsory payments to the state budget. Taxes are used to construct new objects and for social purposes. Taxes can be direct taxes and indirect taxes. Direct taxes are collected directly from the object of taxation. Income tax, profit tax, land tax are direct taxes. Indirect taxes are added to the price of goods and services. The VAT and excise are indirect taxes. A tax officer is a person who supervises payments of taxes. A taxpayer is a person who pays taxes.
What do you know about banking system of Uzbekistan? (Central bank, services of commercial banks).
The Banking system of Uzbekistan is organized as 2-tier banking system. The 1–st tier is the Central Bank, the 2-nd tier is commercial banks. The Central bank of Uzbekistan is the central coordinating institution in banking. It has the following functions: it determines monetary policy, issues money, supervises activity of commercial banks, fixes a refinancing rate, keeps gold and currency reserves of the country. The main aim of the CB is to provide stability of the national currency.
A bank is a financial institution which offers different services to clients. Commercial banks can be state-owned banks, joint-stock banks, private banks and foreign branches. Banks offer the following services: account services, money transfer, plastic card services, accepting payments for public utilities, currency exchange, safe custody and others.
What is accounting?
Accounting is a system of recording financial information of the company. It has 3 stages: capture, processing and communication of the information. Accounting is based on the accounting equation which states that a company’s assets are equal to its liabilities plus equity.
Financial statements.
There are two main types of financial statements: a balance and a profit and loss account. A balance is a financial document which shows a company’s assets, liabilities and equity on the certain date. A profit and loss account illustrates financial results of the company.
What is audit?
Audit is a process of checking financial information of the company. Audit can be internal and external. Internal audit is a process of checking financial position of the company by its own accountants. External audit is usually conducted by independent specialists. At the end of the audit an auditor gives an auditor’s opinion.
Insurance.
Insurance is a system of protecting property interests of people. Insurance can be life insurance and general insurance. Life insurance can be endowment and whole life insurance. General insurance can be property insurance, vehicle insurance and marine insurance. An insurer is a person who works in the insurance company and sells insurance services. An insured is a person who uses insurance services.
The Ministry of Finance and budget
The Ministry of Finance is the central coordinating institution in finance. It is responsible for formulation, consideration and execution of the state budget. Budget is the main financial instrument in any financial system. The state budget consists of republican budget, local budget and extrabudgetary funds.
Taxation. Tax avoidance and tax evasion. (“Солиқ иши” факультети учун)
Taxation is a system of collecting taxes to the budget. Taxes are the main source of the budget revenue. Taxes are used to construct new objects and many other social purposes.
Tax avoidance is a legal way not to pay taxes. For example, some individuals can use tax avoidance not to pay a property tax. Tax evasion is an illegal way not to pay taxes. Tax evasion when people hide their real income or prepare false financial documents.
Investments
Investments are placements of free funds in different assets. Investments can be direct and portfolio investments. FDI is a foreign direct investment. Portfolio investment is placement of free funds in securities of a company. An investor is a person who has free funds to invest and is willing to invest to get a profit in future.