no, nobody, and nothing:
• Immediately after the operation he could see nothing but / except (for) / apart from vague
shadows.
• There was no way out but / except / apart from upwards, towards the light.
But for has a different meaning from except for. When we use but for we introduce a negative
idea, saying what might have happened if other things had not happened:
• The country would now be self-sufficient in food but for the drought last year. (= if it hadn't
been for the drought...)
• But for his broken leg he would probably have been picked for the national team by now.
(= if it hadn't been for his broken leg...)
However, some people use except for in the same way as but for, particularly in spoken English.
In formal writing it is better to use but for to introduce a negative idea and except for to
introduce an exception.
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