Webster's New World Medical Dictionary

surgery, retrograde intrarenal
See 
retrograde
intrarenal surgery.
surgery, stereotactic
See 
stereotactic surgery.
surgical menopause
See 
menopause, induced.
surrogate 1
A substitute or stand-in.
2
In
obstetrics, a woman who carries a child to be
reared by another individual or couple, generally
accomplished by a) direct insemination with the
sperm of a man who is not her partner, or b) the
transfer of embryos obtained by IVF. See also 
in
vitro fertilization.
susceptibility gene, breast cancer
See 
breast
cancer susceptibility gene.
suture 1
A type of bone joint in which two bones
are held tightly together by fibrous tissue, as in the
skull.
2
Thread-like material used to sew tissue.
3
To stitch a wound closed.
swallowing syncope
The temporary loss of con-
sciousness upon swallowing. See also 
syncope, sit-
uational; vasovagal reaction.
407
swallowing syncope
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Swan-Ganz catheter
See 
catheter, Swan-Ganz.
sweat
See 
perspiration.
sweat chloride test
See 
sweat test.
sweat gland
See 
sudoriferous gland.
sweat gland tumor
See 
syringoma.
sweat test
A simple test that is used to evaluate a
patient who is suspected of having cystic fibrosis
(CF). The goal of the test is to painlessly stimulate
the patient’s skin to produce a certain amount of
sweat, which may then be absorbed by a special fil-
ter paper and analyzed for chloride content. In a
technique called iontophoresis, a minute, painless
electric current is applied to the forearm or back,
allowing penetration of a medication that maximizes
sweat stimulation. Elevated chloride values are
characteristic of cystic fibrosis. A few rare condi-
tions that produce a false positive test include dis-
eases of adrenal, thyroid, or pituitary glands; rare
lipid storage diseases; and infection of the pancreas.
Also known as sweat chloride test. See also 
cystic
fibrosis.
sweating
The act of secreting fluid from the skin
by the sudoriferous (sweat) glands. See also 
per-
spiration; sudoriferous gland.