Webster's New World Medical Dictionary

2
One of the many types of colorblind-
ness that affects perception of certain colors only.
See also 
colorblindness.
monoclonal
Derived from a single cell and cells
identical to that cell.
monoclonal antibody
An antibody produced by
a single clone of cells. A monoclonal antibody is
therefore a single pure type of antibody. Monoclonal
antibodies can be made in large quantities in the
laboratory and are a cornerstone of immunology.
Monoclonal antibodies are increasingly coming into
use as therapeutic agents.
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monoclonal antibody
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monocyte
A white blood cell that has a single
nucleus and can take in (ingest) foreign material.
mononeuritis
Inflammation of a single nerve.
The many causes of mononeuritis include diabetes
mellitus, carpal tunnel syndrome, rheumatoid
arthritis, and Lyme disease. The treatment for
mononeuritis depends on the underlying cause. See
also 
mononeuritis multiplex.
mononeuritis multiplex
Inflammation of two
or more nerves, typically in unrelated parts of the
body. Mononeuritis multiplex causes a loss of func-
tion in the muscle tissue that is innervated by the
affected nerves. For example, sudden loss of the
ability to lift the foot normally while walking (foot
drop) can be caused by mononeuritis multiplex,
when it is accompanied by loss of nerve function
elsewhere in the body. There are many causes of
mononeuritis multiplex, including diabetes melli-
tus; infections, such as AIDS, Lyme disease, and lep-
rosy; sarcoidosis; and connective tissue diseases,
such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythe-
matosus, vasculitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, cryo-
globulinemia, and Sjogren syndrome. The treatment
for mononeuritis multiplex depends on the underly-
ing cause.
mononucleosis
A condition resulting from
infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV, human
herpesvirus 4 [HHV-4]) in which there is an
increase of white blood cells that have a single
nucleus (monocytes). The infection can be spread
by saliva. Its incubation period is 4 to 8 weeks.
Symptoms include fever, fatigue, sore throat, and
swollen lymph glands. Mononucleosis can cause
liver inflammation (hepatitis) and spleen enlarge-
ment; a person with mononucleosis should avoid
vigorous contact sports to prevent spleen rupture. It
is less severe in young children than in others. Most
people exposed to EBV do not develop mononucle-
osis; most adults carry an antibody against EBV in
their blood, which means they have been infected
with EBV at some time. Treatment includes rest,
pain medication, and in some cases antiviral med-
ication. Also known as mono and the kissing dis-
ease. See also 
Epstein-Barr virus.
monosomy
Missing one chromosome from a
pair. For example, if a female has one X chromo-
some (X monosomy) rather than two, she has
Turner syndrome.