Webster's New World Medical Dictionary

dystocia
Difficult or abnormal labor or delivery.
dystocia, cervical
Dystocia caused by mechani-
cal obstruction at the cervix.
dystocia, fetal
Dystocia caused by the fetus, due
to its size (too big), shape, or position in the uterus.
dystocia, placental
Dystocia characterized by
trouble delivering the placenta (afterbirth).
dystonia
Involuntary movements and prolonged
muscle contraction that result in twisting body
motions, tremors, and abnormal posture. These
movements may involve the entire body or only an
isolated area. Dystonia can be inherited, may occur
sporadically without any genetic pattern, may be
associated with medications (particularly antipsy-
chotic drugs), or may be a symptom of certain dis-
eases (for example, a specific form of lung cancer).
Some types of dystonia respond to dopamine.
Dystonia can sometimes also be controlled with
sedative-type medications or surgery.
dystonia, cranial
A form of dystonia that
affects the muscles of the head, face, and neck.
Spasmodic torticollis can be classified as a type of
cranial dystonia.
dystonia, dopa-responsive
See 
dopa-respon-
sive dystonia.
dystonia, focal
A form of dystonia that affects only
one muscle group. Common focal dystonias that affect
the muscles of the hand and sometimes the forearm
have been called typist’s cramp, pianist’s cramp, musi-
cian’s cramp, golfer’s cramp, and writer’s cramp.
dystonia, focal, due to blepharospasm
The
involuntary, forcible closure of the eyelids. Focal
dystonia due to blepharospasm is the second most
common focal dystonia. The first symptom may be
uncontrollable blinking. Only one eye may be
affected initially, but eventually both eyes are usually
involved. The spasms may leave the eyelids com-
pletely closed, causing functional blindness even
though the eyes and vision are normal.
Uncontrollable blinking may also be caused by tic
disorders, including Tourette syndrome.