Webster's New World Medical Dictionary

cancer, colorectal
See 
cancer, colon.
cancer, esophagus
See 
esophageal cancer.
cancer, gastric
A malignant tumor of the stom-
ach. Gastric cancer can develop in any part of the
stomach and can spread from the stomach to other
organs. Symptoms of stomach cancer are often
vague, such as loss of appetite and weight. Gastric
cancer is diagnosed via a biopsy of stomach tissue
during an endoscopy. Also called stomach cancer.
cancer, Hodgkin’s lymphoma
A type of lym-
phoma (cancer of the lymphatic system). Also
known as Hodgkin’s disease. The most common
symptom is painless swelling of the lymph nodes in
the neck, underarm, or groin. Most patients are in
their teens or 20s. It is diagnosed with a biopsy of an
enlarged lymph node. Treatment usually includes
radiation therapy or chemotherapy. Patients treated
for Hodgkin’s disease have an increased risk of
developing other types of cancer, especially
leukemia, later in life. See also 
Hodgkin’s disease.
cancer, kidney
A malignant tumor of the kidney.
Childhood kidney cancer is different from adult kid-
ney cancer. The most common type of childhood
kidney cancer is Wilms tumor. The most common
type of adult kidney cancer is renal cell cancer (also
known as renal adenocarcinoma). A frequent sign
of kidney cancer is blood in the urine. The diagno-
sis of kidney cancer is supported by findings of the
medical history and examination, blood, urine, and
X-ray tests, and is confirmed with biopsy. Kidney
cancer is treated with surgery, embolization, radia-
tion therapy, hormone therapy, biological therapy,
or chemotherapy. See also 
cancer, renal cell;
Wilms tumor.
cancer, laryngeal
A malignant tumor of the
voice box (larynx), which is located at the top of the
windpipe (trachea). Cancer of the larynx occurs
most often in people over the age of 55, especially
those who have been heavy smokers. People who
stop smoking can greatly reduce their risk.
Hoarseness without pain can be a symptom of can-
cer of the larynx. The larynx can be examined with
a viewing tube called a laryngoscope. Cancer of the
larynx is usually treated with radiation therapy or
surgery. Chemotherapy can also be used for laryn-
geal cancers that have spread.