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SCIENCE COMMUNITY: WEB OF CONFERENCES
October-December, 2021
45
In the language system of the peoples of the world, deopoetonyms – words that express the name
of natural phenomena - have a special place. Research on the role of deopoetonyms in artistic speech
with language, the basics of their origin, the features of their use is important in the study of the history
of language, in determining its social significance, so much attention is paid to their collection and
study.
The fact is that in both French and Uzbek poetries a number of natural phenomena such as wind,
clouds, snow, rain, fog, thunder, lightning, dew, dust, death are widely used to express the lyrical
hero’s spiritual experiences, moods, art. Words that refer to natural phenomena in an artistic text are
called deopoetonyms in the onomastics section of linguistics.
In literary texts written in Uzbek, it is often observed that the names of natural phenomena are
given not only by the dominance of that name, but also by other figurative forms. From this it is clear
that deopoetonyms are synonymous. For example, in nature, a wind event is either strong or weak,
i.e. sometimes it blows hard or light. Accordingly, it gains grades. Types of strong winds are called
“tuzon, tufon, buron, dovul”, while light and weak winds are called wind “nasim, el, sabo.”
While the word wind carries a poetic meaning in artistic discourse and is used as a symbolic image,
the names of strong wind types serve to express the lyrical protagonist’s depressed, sad, anxious,
heavy moments. The names of the light wind symbolize good mood, high spirits, joy and happiness.
Deopoetonyms are often used in a metaphorical form in a literary text. For example, the use of the
cloud, sometimes in the form of sorrow, sometimes in the form of generosity, has become a tradition
in Uzbek literary discourse. Just as a cloud makes the sky, the air dark and gloomy, so does the human
mood. That is why it is often expressed in poetry as a sign of grief and anxiety. Thunder, lightning
(whirlwind) - a blow to life, often found in the symbol of the pain of love in the heart.
Natural phenomena are actually divided into actions in nature and those that occur naturally in
man. Including freezing, thawing, overflowing, leaking (specific to water); yellowing, shedding,
flowering, drying (typical of trees and plants); to heat, to cool (specific to air, but also to water, to the
human body), to yawn, sneeze, sleep, dream, die (human), and so on.
According to the strengths and weaknesses of the meaning of deopoetonyms (for example, rain -
shower - hail - flood); according to the positive and negative (for example, in the wind - a storm);
according to their methodological preferences (e.g. wind – “nasim, yel, boda, sabo”).
Deopoetonyms are used for various purposes in an literary text. Through them it is possible to
create various poetic arts and a number of stylistic figures in the literary text, such as epithet, allegory,
tajnis, tashkhis, tanosib, ramz, nido. They serve the general poetics of the work. For example: “tuman”
- district; “tuman” - when given in one text in the sense of a natural phenomenon, both form the art
of tajnis.
In Sadriddin Salim Bukhari’s poem “Spring”, there is a sudden thunder and thunder in the spring
sky, as a result of which the dark clouds that cover the sky break and float in the sky like a caravan,
coral-like raindrops fall from the sky to the ground and even melt the snow in the mountains. Natural
phenomena such as the growth of fungi on the ground are beautifully described by means of metaphor,
metonymy, synecdoche:
Гумбур-гумбур бошлар юриш, булутлар карвон.
Аста-секин эрийди қиш – тизилар маржон.
Деҳқон каби қўшиғини куйлаб беармон,
Қўзиқорин уруғини Сепмоқда осмон.
In the poem, the word “gumbur-gumbur” refers to it as a sound associated with thunder, while in the
verse “slowly melting winter” a synecdoche is observed. Instead of “snowmelt” it used “winter
melt”. However, winter is understood as a whole season, and snow as an event (part, piece) specific
to that season.
Also, the expression “coral strung” quoted in the above verses is a metaphorical expression of rain.
Natural phenomena have often served as a comparative source to shed light on human behavior,
attitudes, and problems. The same is true of the poetry of other nations: J’aiappris la patience de la
montagne, Pleure sans s’arrêter. J’aiappris du verger,
Une calomnie révélatrice.
Deopoetonyms can also be elevated to the level of a title by being selected as a linguopoetically
relevant piece to create a particular artistic text. Examples of such Uzbek poets are Mirtemir’s
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