Water problems central asia

WATER PROBLEMS CENTRAL ASIA

Resources for life have always been the driving force that determined the world order. This simple but general rule was the basis for how geoeconomics and geopolitics. He was faithfully served by ideology, law and public morality. The struggle for resources dictated the logic of the resettlement of the human tribe, led the pioneers to the distant seas, raised the peoples of each against a friend. As people mastered more and more new resources, turning them in the means for life, civilization artifacts arose that determined the meaning and basic character for a certain historical era relations between peoples. This is how the era of great geographical discoveries, which endowed European civilization with a new resource potential of enormous power and determined the world order, which has largely survived to this day. This is how the Great Silk Road appeared, protoform of modern globalization processes, which was exchange of what the West and the East had. This is how today's the world with its forms of neocolonization, carried out under the cover of technological, informational and democratic modernizations. There is a struggle for resources. At different times, different resources have become the coveted prey of the expansionist instinct of humanity. Arable land, gold, abundant pastures, forest ... The last (in time, not in availability), for which there is a fight for life and death is energy resources - oil and gas. The peculiarity of all these resources is that they end over time, being limited, or non-renewable, or with such a long recovery cycle that it goes beyond not only technological scale, but also the scale of human life itself. And if earlier some resources were enough for many centuries, now the situation is changing. The era of oil, the most important resource today, lasting a little over a hundred years old, is about to come to an end. And the drama throughout modern political history is determined by the desire to prolong the possibility of owning this resource for certain countries and peoples for as long as possible. The real fight is not over who today there is more oil, but for whoever has it longer. However, although this is difficult, it is quite possible to imagine the existence of mankind without oil and without forests as a source of technological wood, and even without metal. But there are two global natural resources, without which to imagine the existence of humanity is impossible - it is air and water.

They are beginning to be lacking in certain regions and for certain cities, localities, countries and even continents. And this is not just about the lack of water for farmland. This the problem has always existed and mainly in the form of engineering tasks: how to deliver water to the right place. We can say that history water relations until recently has been the history of irrigation. With the intensification of water use, the water problem begins to appear more and more as an ecological one. Originally as the problem of pollution of drinking water, large water bodies, seas, and then as a threat of complete disappearance of individual rivers and lakes. Perhaps it is environmental concerns put water on the agenda for the first time the most acute interstate tensions made it the subject of international relations. For our region, the symbol of this stage has become the problem of the Aral Sea. Since the last quarter of the twentieth century, the essence and nature of water relations begin to dramatically, radically change. The main their content is the question of water ownership. The world is arranged in such a way that the sources of rivers are not the most favorable place for housing. As a rule, these are mountains or, on the plains, swamps. Those who lived and lives in the mountains, are always in more difficult conditions and have less opportunities for economic prosperity. Mountain regions and mountainous countries are forced to pay a kind of natural rent, deliberately spending more efforts to get equal with those who lives in the lower reaches, the amount of resources for life. It is clear that this kind of injustice is generated by God and History, but the same Almighty gave a chance and instructions on how to correct them. This chance - the right of peoples to own the land on which they live, and everything that it generates. Including - natural systems of water formation: glaciers and river flows. As a rule, for obvious reasons, mountainous countries are not included in the rich countries. With a shortage of agricultural resources, communications, which are very expensive here, the mountainous countries are rather desperate fight for survival than prosper. For all mountainous countries, water is, in fact, a natural historical source and a chance development. And the world must recognize and support this. Unfortunately, such recognition finds its way extremely slowly. Partly because it harms the interests of the water user countries. The obligation arises to pay for the free water. The degree of unwillingness to do this is so great that even the authority of the Almighty is involved in justifying one's positions. Partly solving the problem is hampered by the fact that there was no previous practice and the regulatory framework for water ownership relations. Due to its natural characteristics and geographical location Central Asia is one of the largest regions with water resources. Moreover, the water resources are of the highest quality - ecologically perfect drinking water. It is no coincidence that it was here - in Tajikistan - that the focus of all activities within the framework of the World Year of Fresh water declared by the United Nations. And at the same time, Central Asia is a conglomerate of states with a huge population density and high rates of its growth, a critical level of poverty and in dire need of development resources. All this sets the framework and the highest complexity of water relations in region. The study of the problem undertaken by the authors of this book with support and active participation of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation, quite fully reflects the situation in the Central Asian region and represents the whole set of problems that are associated with water relations. Good factual material, a thorough historical excursion into the problem are designed not only to give an idea of it to readers and experts, but also to justify the need for thoughtful and balanced approaches in the practical resolution of those contradictions and questions that arise today and will arise tomorrow before countries of the region, international organizations involved in water issues. In fact, this is a practical guide for politicians and statesmen, revealing the state of the problem and analyzing possible ways to solve it. The study carried out by the authors and presented in the second part of the book, the assessment of the current situation by the largest experts from countries region, presents the complex picture that really exists in today in the approach to water relations in the Central Asian countries. And this is the most important statement, since all sorts of problems are a consequence and expression of differences in approaches and assessments of those or other phenomena by different people. It is obvious that the formation of common approaches, convergence of positions is the most important task of practical and immediate actions of representatives of the countries of the region within the framework of both interstate structures and expert communities, non-governmental organizations. And we hope that this book will serve this purpose effectively.

List of Literature:

1. 
   http://docplayer.ru/30293405-Vodnye-problemy-centralnoy-azii.html
   
2. 
   https://tj.sputniknews.ru/asia/20180315/1025018846/nazarbaev-politicheskiy-torg-vodnyh-problem-centralnoy-azii.html
   
3. 
   https://textarchive.ru/c-1007483-p3.html