1.
Introduction
An induction motor is the main source of mechanical power in almost every industry including
sugar, fertilizer, packing, agriculture lands, domestic and commercial water supply schemes,
water filtration, RO plant, locomotives, etc. Induction motors are widely accepted in industrial
processes as well due to their robustness, cost-effectiveness, capability to operate in a rough
environment, and less error chance. Faults may rise due to the operating environment, usage
conditions, load variations, and improper power supply arrangements [1].
The signal processing technique to be applied depends upon the type of fault to be detected and
the nature of the fault. The most common signal processing techniques used are Fast Fourier
transform, Short-time Fourier Transform, wavelet transform, Hilbert-Huang transform, and
Wigner-Ville Distribution [2].
Stator fault occurred due to winding short and voltage unbalance whereas, rotor faults such as
broken the rotor bars, damaged bears, misalignment and worn gearbox. To overcome this
problem by using variable frequency drive (VFD) technique which increases the power supply
to IM which can operate at different frequencies to flexible control techniques. However,
cannot handle the direct motors by this technique. As increasing the operating frequency of IM
also increases the speed of IM caused to break the rotor bears at high stress, this is another
drawback of VFD [3].
Induction motors, also named asynchronous motors, are generally used equipment in the
manufacturing industry, petrochemical, transportation, and power systems, due to their sim-
ple structure, high overload capability, reliability, and better efficiency [4].
Different sizes of induction motors are available in the industry from small to over 100K Horse-
power. Compared with direct current motors, the induction motors are more rugged, cheap, and
require less overall maintenance.
Most failures in the induction motor can be divided into two major categories those are isolation
failures and mechanical failures. Isolation failures related to characteristics of stator short cir-
cuits. While mechanical failures were based on the rotor damage which is rotor broken bar and
rings, bearings damage, irregular gaps (eccentricity), unbalances, and refrigeration troubles.
Most failures in the machine are dominantly related to stator short circuits and rotor bearings.
Based on the study that rotor faults and stator faults are as follows in percentage which related
2
to bearings are about 41%, stator faults are about 37%, rotor faults about 10%, and other prob-
lems related 12%. Here are online induction motor failures related to bearing fault, rotor broken
bars and rings, stator short circuits, stator unbalance, and eccentricity [5].
Figure 1.1:
Statistics of machine failure
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