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Test 1

The burial chamber o f the tomb, where the king’s body was laid to rest, was dug 
beneath the base o f the pyramid, surrounded by a vast maze o f long tunnels that 
had rooms off them to discourage robbers. One o f the most mysterious discoveries 
found inside the pyramid was a large number o f stone vessels. Over 40,000 o f 
these vessels, o f various forms and shapes, were discovered in storerooms off the 
pyramid’s underground passages. They are inscribed with the names o f rulers from 
the First and Second Dynasties o f Egypt and made from different kinds o f stone. 
There is no agreement among scholars and archaeologists on why the vessels 
were placed in the tomb o f Djoser or what they were supposed to represent. The 
archaeologist Jean-Philippe Lauer, who excavated most o f the pyramid and complex, 
believes they were originally stored and then given a ‘proper burial’ by Djoser in his 
pyramid to honor his predecessors. There are other historians, however, who claim 
the vessels were dumped into the shafts as yet another attempt to prevent grave 
robbers from getting to the king’s burial chamber.

Unfortunately, all o f the precautions and intricate design o f the underground network 
did not prevent ancient robbers from finding a way in. Djoser’s grave goods, and 
even his body, were stolen at some point in the past and all archaeologists found 
were a small number o f his valuables overlooked by the thieves. There was enough 
left throughout the pyramid and its complex, however, to astonish and amaze the 
archaeologists who excavated it.

Egyptologist Miroslav Verner writes, ‘Few monuments hold a place in human 
history as significant as that o f the Step Pyramid in Saqqara ... It can be said 
without exaggeration that this pyramid complex constitutes a milestone in the 
evolution o f monumental stone architecture in Egypt and in the world as a whole.’ 
The Step Pyramid was a revolutionary advance in architecture and became the 
archetype which all the other great pyramid builders o f Egypt would follow.

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