Educating the Student Body
Obesity:
An excess amount of subcutaneous body
fat in proportion to lean body mass. In
adults a BMI of 30 or greater is considered
obese. In this report, obesity in children
and youth refers to age- and gender-specific
BMIs that are equal to or greater than the
95th percentile of the CDC’s BMI charts.
In most children, these values are known
to indicate elevated body fat and to reflect
the comorbidities associated with excessive
body fatness.
Overweight:
In children and youth, BMI is used to assess
underweight, overweight, and risk for over-
weight. Children’s body fatness changes over
the years as they grow. Girls and boys differ
in their body fat as they mature; thus, BMI
for children, also referred to as BMI-for-age-
and-for-sex, is gender and age specific. BMI-for-
age is plotted on age- and gender-specific
BMI charts for children and teens aged 2-20
years. According to the CDC, overweight is
defined as BMI-for-age-and-for-sex equal to
or greater than the 85th percentile.
Pandemic:
Prevalent over the whole country or the
world.
Physical activity:
Bodily movement that increases energy
expenditure.
Physical activity breaks:
Opportunities for physical activity provided
briefly throughout the school day, such as
during morning announcements.
Physical education:
A planned sequential K-12 standards-
based program of curricula and instruction
designed to develop the motor skills, knowl-
edge, and behaviors of healthy active living,
physical fitness, sportsmanship, self-efficacy,
and emotional intelligence.
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
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391
Physical fitness:
A set of physiologic attributes that are either
health related or skill related. Physical fitness
is an adaptive physiologic state that varies
with growth and maturity status and physi-
cal activity.
Physical inactivity:
A lifestyle comprised exclusively of seden-
tary and light-intensity physical activities
(
≤
3 METs). Also commonly used to refer to
individuals who do not perform the recom-
mended volume of vigorous- or moderate-
intensity physical activity.
Policy:
A written statement reflecting a plan or
course of action by a government, business,
community, or institution that is intended to
influence and guide decision making. For a
government a policy may consist of a law,
regulation, ordinance, executive order, or
resolution.
Power:
A skill-related component of physical fitness
that relates to the rate at which an individual
can perform work.
Prevalence:
The number of instances of a condition or
disease in a population at a designated peri-
od of time, usually expressed as a percentage
of the total population.
Program:
An integrated set of planned strategies and
activities that support clearly stated goals
and objectives designed to lead to desirable
changes and improvements in the well-being
of people, institutions, environments, or all
of these.
Recess:
Regularly scheduled periods within the
school day for supervised physical activity
and play.
Resistance training:
Training designed primarily to increase
muscle strength, power, and endurance.
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
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