Variant 1 You could have come first and won the race if you … faster

26. One can imply that the word GRAVITATION in the passage refers to ...

A) strong gravitation towards evil B) terrestrial gravitation C) gravitation of the universe D) lunar gravitation

From its birth during World War II, there is one task to which cutting-edge computer technology has always been applied: code-breaking. In 1943, mathematicians and engineers at Bletchley Park, Buckinghamshire, built. Colossus, the forerunner of the modern electronic, computer. Its task was to break the Lorentz ciphers, used by Hitler and his generals for their most secret communications. Consisting of thousands of valves, optical devices and pulleys, Colossus looked ungainly but worked brilliantly. One of its major triumphs was to reveal that Hiller had been taken in by Allied deception tactics leading up to D-Day, thus clearing the way for the real invasion in 1944. Ever since, government code-breaking centres have bought the fastest supercomputers the moment they emerge. During the Cold War, the key challenge was to find and exploit the slightest weakness in the cipher systems used by the Soviet Union, acknowledged to be the most secure in the world. Their efforts ultimately led to the downfall of all of the Soviet's "Magnificent Five" by British spies.