Variant 1 The concept and essence of finance

3. Own resources of an enterprise.

Financial resources of an enterprise - a collection of funds accumulated by enterprises for the formation of the assets they need in order to implement all activities, both through its own income, savings and capital, as well as the proceeds from the outside. 

Own financial resources of an enterprise are formed from: internal and external sources.

In the composition of internal sources, the main place belongs to the profit remaining at the disposal of the enterprise, which is distributed by the decision of the constituent (governing) body for the purposes of consumption and accumulation. Moreover, profit is the main source of replenishment of the company's equity capital. If the company is unprofitable, then equity is reduced by the amount of losses received. Profit directed to accumulation is then used to develop production; profit directed to consumption is used to solve social problems. Depreciation charges, which represent the monetary value of the depreciation of fixed assets and intangible assets, also play an important role in the composition of own internal sources. They do not increase the amount of equity capital, but are a means of reinvesting it. Other forms of equity capital include income from renting property, settlements with founders, etc.

Among the external sources for the formation of own financial resources, the main role belongs to the additional issue of shares, through which the share capital of the enterprise is increased, as well as the attraction of additional contributed capital (mutual fund) through additional contributions of funds (share contributions).

Knowing the structure of own resources is also important, because the movement of the resources of enterprises as one of the reproductive forms of economic relations is subject to the general economic criterion of efficiency, which implies obtaining the maximum possible result with a minimum of costs.