Variant – 1 Read and translate the text

5.Circle the odd word.

1. cast iron sheet aluminium s t o n e glass

2. measurement system metric standard mandatory sign metric distance

3. traffic (road) sign d irectional arm fingerpost direction

4. visibility traffic volume road quality r etroreflective

VARIANT 8

1. Read and translate the text

Road transport  is a type of transport by using roads. Transport on roads can be roughly grouped into the transportation of goods and transportation of people. In many countries licensing requirements and safety regulations ensure a separation of the two industries. Movement along roads may be by bike or automobile, truck, or by animal such as horse or oxen. Standard networks of roads were adopted by Romans, Persians and other early empires, and may be regarded as a feature of empires. Cargo may be transported by trucking companies, while passengers may be transported with mass transit. Commonly defined features of modern roads include defined lanes and signage. Within the United States, roads between regions are connected with the Interstate Highway System. The nature of road transportation of goods depends, apart from the degree of development of the local infrastructure, on the distance the goods are transported by road, the weight and volume of an individual shipment, and the type of goods transported. For short distances and light, small shipments a van or pickup truck may be used. For large shipments even if less than a full truckload a truck is more appropriate. (In some countries cargo is transported by road in horse-drawn carriages, donkey carts or other non-motorized mode. Delivery services are sometimes considered a separate category from cargo transport. In many places fast food is transported on roads by various types of vehicles. For inner city delivery of small packages and documents bike couriers are quite common. People are transported on roads. Special modes of individual transport by road such as cycle rickshaws may also be locally available. There are also specialist modes of road transport for particular situations, such as ambulances.

2. Answer the following questions according to the text

1.What kind of road transport do you know?

2.What is cargo?

3.What kind of transport may be used for short distances?

3.Use the PRESENT SIMPLE or the PRESENT CONTINUOUS:

Example: (Usually she / work / at the office, but this week she / work / at home.)

Usually she works at the office, but this week she’s working at home.
1. (You / not / eat / very much at the moment. Are you ill?)

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2. (She / know / three words in Italian!)

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3. (I / take / the bus to work this week, but usually I / walk)

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4. (I / study / Japanese this year. It’s very difficult.)

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5. (you / watch / the television at the moment?)

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6. (I / not / remember / the name of the hotel.)

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