В пособии рассматриваются основные моменты английской грамматики: части речи имя существительное, имя прилагательное и наречие; видо-временные формы глагола; модальные глаголы; неличные формы глагола

THE PARTICIPLES

1. The Present (or Active) Participle

A. Form
The infinitive + ing, e.g. working, loving, sitting.


B. Use
1. To form the continuous tenses:
He is working. You've been dreaming.
2. As adjectives:
running water floating wreckage
dripping taps leaking pipes
Here there is equal stress on participle and noun.
3. After have + object:
He had me swimming in a week.
We have people standing on our steps all day.
I won't have him cleaning his bike in the kitchen.
4. A present participle can sometimes replace a relative pronoun + verb:
a map that marks/marked political boundaries
= a map marking political boundaries
people who wish/wished to visit the caves
= people wishing to visit the caves
children who need/needed medical attention
= children needing medical attention
5. Present participles/participle phrases such as adding/pointing out/
reminding/warning can introduce statements in indirect speech:
He told me to start early, reminding me that the roads
would be crowded.
6. After verbs of sensation (see 120)
7. After catch/find/leave + object (see 121)
8. After go, come, spend, waste, be busy (see 122)
9. Present participles can sometimes replace subject + verb in other main
or subordinate clauses other than those mentioned above (see 123-4).

2. Present Participle after verbs of sensation

A. The basic verbs of sensation see, hear, feel, smell, and the verbs listen
(to), notice and watch can be followed by object + present participle:
/ see him passing my house every day.
Didn 't you hear the clock striking?
She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising.
The action in the present participle may be either complete or incomplete:
/ saw him changing the wheel could mean that I watched the whole action
or that I saw only part of it.