Uzbekistan state world language university the first faculty of the english language department of the theory of aspects of the english language

CHAPTER I. THEORETICAL EXPLANATION OF DISTRIBUTIONAL METHOD OF PHONOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
1.1. Main peculiarities of phonetic and phonological analysis
At the beginning of my course paper, I should mention that without knowing Phonetics itself we cannot learn any other parts of it. I will try to give information step by step from generally to specific.
First of all, we can see in this picture that Phonetics and Phonology are the branch of Levels of language and they study all sounds and their system.


Phonetics
Phonetics is a branch of linguistics that studies how humans make and perceive sounds, or in the case of sign languages, the equivalent aspects of sign. Phoneticians—linguists who specialize in phonetics—study the physical properties of speech. The field of phonetics is traditionally divided into three sub-disciplines based on the research questions involved such as how humans plan and execute movements to produce speech (articulatory phonetics), how different movements affect the properties of the resulting sound (acoustic phonetics), or how humans convert sound waves to linguistic information (auditory phonetics). Traditionally, the minimal linguistic unit of phonetics is the phone—a speech sound in a language—which differs from the phonological unit of phoneme; the phoneme is an abstract categorization of phones.
Phonetics broadly deals with two aspects of human speech: production—the ways humans make sounds—and perception—the way speech is understood.
Modern phonetics has three main branches:
Articulatory phonetics which studies the way sounds are made with the articulators
Acoustic phonetics which studies the acoustic results of different articulations
Auditory phonetics which studies the way listeners perceive and understand linguistic signals.
Phonetics and Pronunciation
Beginning students of English often say that their top priorities are to know grammar well and to learn as many words and everyday phrases as possible. Many students think that phonetics is a luxury that they can do without.
It's a big mistake to underestimate the importance of pronunciation. If you want to communicate in English, you need to speak English. Speaking to people is the only way to communicate. Well, you can exchange written messages, of course. Or use gestures to show what you want to say.
But seriously, you need to know how to pronounce what you want to say. How you say something is as important as what you say. It means that it is necessary for you to acquire standard correct English pronunciation if you want to understand English speakers and want them to understand you.
Standard correct pronunciation implies the following:
Correct pronunciation of sounds;
Correct pronunciation of words, with special attention to stress;
Correct intonation in different types of sentences, which includes correct sentence stress and rhythm, and correct use of rising and falling tones.
In the section Phonetics, we will study English pronunciation: sounds, stress, rhythm, intonation, and other useful things.


Phonology
Phonology is defined as the study of sound patterns and their meanings, both within and across languages. An example of phonology is the study of different sounds and the way they come together to form speech and words - such as the comparison of the sounds of the two "p" sounds in "pop-up."