Uzbekistan state university of world languages the first english language faculty the department of english phonetics and phonology

FIGURES OF SUBSTITUTION

FIGURES OF SUBSTITUTION		FiGURES OF QUALITY  (QUALITY)
Hyperbole	Meiosis Litotes	Metonymy Synechdoche Periphrasis     Euphemism	Metaphor Antonomasia Personification Allegory Epithet	Irony

    Here we refer tropes and figures of speech based on the comparison of two different objects or phenomena having a common feature expressed with a certain degree of intensity, if this feature characterizes the referent in a deliberately greater degree, it may be regarded as hyperbole, if this feature is ascribed to the referent in a deliberately less degree, it is considered to be meiosis or litotes, as a structural variety of the latter.
    Hyperboleis a deliberate overstatement or exaggeration aimed at intensifying one of the features of the object in question. An overstatement may be considered hyperbole only when the exaggeration is deliberate and both the speaker and the listener are aware of it. Hyperbole is mainly used to intensify physical qualities of objects or people: size, colour, quantity, age etc., e.g. Her family is one aunt about a thousand years old (F.Sc. Fitzgerald).
    The use of hyperbole may show the overflow of emotions, e.g. I loved Ophelia; forty thousand brothers could not, with all their quantity of love, make up my sum (W.Shakespeare).
    Hyperbole in oral speech is often used to intensify a statement, e.g. She was a giant of a woman (Fl. O'Connor).
    Hyperbole, as any other semasiological EM, may become trite through frequent repetition: e.g. for ages, scared to death, I beg thousand pardons etc.

Hyperbole as a SD must be distinguished from exaggeration as every exaggeration cannot be regarded as a SD. For example, the following expressions: Haven’t seen you for ages; I`m dying to see it; Immensely obliged,